RISK PROFILE IN PETROL STATION SECTOR
1. SECTOR : SERVICE STATIONS
2. ISTAT CODES : G.50.50
3. ISPESL CODE :
SURVEY ZONE
4. NATIONAL :
5. REGIONAL :
6. PROVINCIAL : BERGAMO
7. USL : ASL (Local Health Authority) BERGAMO
8. YEAR OF SURVEY 1999
9. NUMBER OF WORKERS
9A. WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS : 212 men 42 women 9B. BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS 38 men 10. No.FIRMS : 122
11. SURVEYING UNIT : ASL PREVENTION DEPARTMENT
PROVINCE OF BERGAMO
12. REPORTING MEMBER
QUALIFICATION : MEDICAL SUPERVISOR I LEVEL OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN
NAME : PIETRO
SURNAME : IMBROGNO
ADDRESS : P.S.A.L. SERVICE, ASL BERGAMO, VIA PAGLIA , 40
ZIP Code : 24100
TOWN : BERGAMO
PROVINCE : BG
TELEPHONE : 035/ 4991126 - 385335
FAX : 035/4942179 -385315
E-MAIL : bpesenti@asl.bergamo.it
13. ACCIDENTS: TOTAL 37 OF WHICH FATAL 0
14. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
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NAME |
No. CASES |
INAIL CODE |
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NOTES:
__________________________________________________________________________________
PRODUCTION
CYCLE – WORK PHASES
MAIN activitIES:
|
(1) |
ê
|
(2) |
ê
|
(3) |
ê
SECONDARY ACTIVITIES:
|
(4) |
ê
|
maintenance AND cleaning
SERVICES (5) |
ADDITIONAL activities:
|
(6) |
ê
|
(7) |
ê
|
sale OF CAR products
(lubriCant OILS, SMALL accessoriES radiator AND BRAKE
FLUIDS. ETC.) / CAFETERIA service (8) |
____________________________________________________________________
************************************
SECTOR DOCUMENT
************************************
The sector under review is concerned with the supply
of fuel (petrol, diesel, LPG) to end users – which in this case are the owners
and drivers of motor vehicles (automobiles, motorcycles, etc.). Fuel is
dispensed via installations located in Service Stations, which are extremely
variable. Relations are complex between the management of these stations and
the management of companies giving their name to these stations. The corporate
set-ups of these companies are also varied. In Italy indeed, where there are
estimated to be over 33,000 service
stations employing 100,000 workers,
the sector is characterised by a significant degree of fragmentation, with many
small-sized stations that are frequently run by families or by a small number
of partners. Over the past 8 years the sector in question has been the subject
of studies and researches to assess pump attendants’ exposure to benzene, this
substance being known for its carcinogenicity and in particular its leukemogen
effect.
Our scheduled 1995 study too was aimed at making such
an appraisal, in particular to estimate the risk of leukaemia among exposed
workers (see enclosed report on Measuring exposure to Benzene and estimating the risk of
leukaemia among service station workers).
The study later made it possible to combine the
information obtained to evaluate exposure to benzene with an analysis on
exposure to a number of risk factors in the sector. A total of 122 service stations, or 35% of all
stations in the province of Bergamo,
were involved in the study, which lasted approximately 48 months (June 1995 – June 1999).
Work was carried out in six stages (see enclosed
report):
I.
census of service stations;
II.
cognitive inspection and compilation of
questionnaires;
III.
environmental monitoring;
IV.
biological monitoring;
V.
processing of data and final report;
VI.
dissemination of results.
70% of service stations under review were located in
built-up areas (Bergamo and neighbouring towns).
90 questionnaires were compiled to assess working
activity and reconstruct job tasks, and 90 inspections and environmental
surveys were conducted on 49 service stations. 407 analyses were effected to determine the concentration of
airborne benzene and methyl benzene (toluene, xylene), and there were 40
measurements of urinary trans-trans muconic acid among
exposed workers. 292 pump attendants were
identified, 19% of whom worked in small enterprises often run by single
families or by a small number of partners. The average number of service
station workers was 2.3 (range: 1-5).
The facilities
and equipment of service stations usually consist of a demarcated tarmacked
area, one or more advertising poles, a covered area (metal canopy resting on
one or two pillars), lampposts, fuel pump islands (covered), premium grade,
unleaded, (single or double pumps), fuel mixture, diesel, pre-payment machines,
underground tanks, a kiosk for the station worker and for the sale of car
products, lavatories, and in some cases an area for a hand or automatic car
wash, and more occasionally a small garage endowed with hydraulic lift and a
cafeteria. Equipment includes
portable or fixed tyre pumps, a three-phase tyre remover and a vulcaniser,
hand-held or automatic vacuum cleaners for self-service cleaning, portable
semi-car lift, spanners, screwdrivers, hammers, special spanners for manhole
covers. In all stations there are POS’s for credit and cashomat cards, less
often there are PCs, fax equipment and desk calculators.
Documentation controlled above all with reference to safety, health and environmental
certification or Testing (1998-1999) in accordance with Legislative Decree
32/98 and subsequent amendments (Legislative Decree 346 of 8/9/1999), not
always updated or possessed by the management of Petrol Stations, is listed
below:
Layout of Station and Building Permission issued by
the local council;
Municipal Authorisation after ASL (Local Health
Authority) opinion is passed on compliance with health, safety and
environmental legislation;
Installation test report (fire services, Finance
Technical Office, LHA) (L.D. 32/98)
Mod. A – lightning protection documentation;
Mod. B – earthing system report (with declaration of
conformity in accordance with Law
46/90)
Mod. C – report of outdoor
electric installations subject to risk of explosion/fire
Possession of Fire Prevention Certificate;
Fire extinguisher test record;
LPG tank operations report (pursuant to art. 44-46 of
RD 824/27);
Safety valve check reports for pressure installations
(LPG) issued by ISPESL;
Fuel pumps type approval certificate (Ministry of
Transport);
Underground tank sealing certificates (Local Health
Regulations)
Authorisation to dispose of
water (forecourt) (R.L. 62/85 art. 9) and waste materials
Register of waste materials and drain oils;
Annual waste register report;
Accident register;
Risk evaluation document or self-certification of risk
evaluation;
Appointment of Safety and Prevention Officer and
Competent Physician (if necessary);
Health authority permission granted for cafeteria (if
present)
Licence for washing and garage activities (CE and
Authorisation) :
Licence to sell vehicle products.
8 work phases were
identified, of which 3 main ones (restocking, storage and dispensing of fuel),
2 secondary phases (sundry vehicle services, maintenance and cleaning) and 3
additional activity phases (garage, car wash, sale of vehicle products and
cafeteria service).
The most important risk factors identified in the sector can be broken down into
accident-related risks and health-environmental risks.
The most important of the first type are concerned
with the presence and handling of dangerous
inflammable substances (risk of fire or explosion), rare occurrences but
potentially with very serious effects; however our records show that accidents
recorded (37 in all) were not serious (slight wounds, bruises, backache) relating
to manual activities in the first phase (handling of manhole covers), or in
subsequent phases (vehicle services, oil changes, cleaning, engine repairs) and
had relatively low prognoses (1 to 7 days).
The number of accidents is undoubtedly underestimated
however because of the tendency not to report minor accidents (prognosis from 1
to 4 days) on the part of injured station managers or their partners.
Literature on this subject is insufficient to accurately quantify the number of
accidents in the sector. The figure does not however appear to be significant
(with low frequency and gravity indices).
Of health-environmental
risk factors the most important is exposure to benzene (a known
carcinogenic agent).
To assess exposure to this risk factor the amount of
fuel sold per year by each station was calculated, breaking figures down by
fuel type - premium, unleaded, mixture and diesel. In 21 service stations 55
environmental measurements were effected in the period 1995-97, with 17 fixed
samplers and 38 personal samplers, to determine the concentration of airborne
benzene and methyl benzenes. A total of 155 analyses were performed. Samples of
petrol were also collected to determine the concentration of benzene: values of
between 0.65% and 3% were recorded (1995).
The mean concentration of airborne benzene measured using personal samplers in
1995 was 560 gr./m3 (SD:240) (new
proposed TWA - ACGIH limit: 1,600 gr./m3 – 0.5 ppm), and toluene and xylene
values were below ACGIH limits for occupationally exposed workers. The mean benzene value was close to
the national average, obtained from the AGIP-Petroli study in 1992 (482 gr.
/m3) but below the average recorded for service stations in northern Italy (760
g. /m3): the results of fixed sampling (average 110 g./m3, SD 58, Range 19-128
) are comparable with national average results (average 110 g./m3) .
Measurements were repeated in 1996 for stations where values were close to
proposed limits; in 1997 values were recorded at 9 new stations after an
information campaign on risks and procedures for correct and safe refuelling
and after the adoption of preventive measures: the analyses undertaken showed
up a significant reduction (p<0.001) or a halving, on average, of the
concentration of benzene measured using personal samplers (257.3 g/m3 - SD:
148.2). The concentration of airborne benzene was also calculated to estimate
urban atmospheric pollution: moving average values for the measuring period
were below the limits of quality objectives set for the period through 31.12.1998
(15 g./m3). Environmental measurements were supplemented by biological
monitoring data. The concentration of urinary Trans-Trans Muconic Acid
collected at the end of the working shift from 40 petrol pump attendants was
calculated (ttMA: 262.7 g./g. creat., SD 204.3); results were compared with
those of a control group that was not occupationally exposed (ttMA: 43.56
gr./g. creat., SD 42.15). Biological data (urinary ttMA) confirmed low levels
of occupational exposure to benzene, although there was still a significant
difference (p<0.001) between occupationally exposed and non-exposed persons.
From the study results it may be estimated that the risk of leukaemia among
exposed service station workers is very low: this risk, deriving from mean
exposure to benzene of 257.3 g./m3, has been estimated at less than 0.5 cases per 1000 persons exposed for a 40-year
period.
Data obtained in 1999 (28 stations monitored, 252
measurements, 84 with reference to benzene) showed a further reduction in
exposure, especially in stations endowed with vapour recovery plants (83.8 micrg./m3), local vapour
extraction systems (93.7 micrg./m3)
and self-service installations (18.1
micrg./m3): the risk of leukaemia in the latter cases may be considered as
negligible, especially for self-service workers.
1999 environmental data was confirmed by biological
monitoring conducted on 20 pump attendants: mean urinary trans-trans muconic
acid values collected at the end of the working shift showed on average a
further, albeit not significant, reduction in exposure (231.17 micr.g/gr.
creatinine). During the latest biological monitoring campaign urinary
1-Hydroxypyrene, urinary 2.5 Hexandione and in an experimental trial urinary
Platinum values were determined for the same 20 pump attendants. The results,
that are still being analysed and processed statistically, have not shown
values deviating from the average for the non-exposed population (0.67
micr./gr./g. creat.) for 1-Hydroxypyrene or beyond limits for exposed workers
for 2.5 Hexandione (0.96 mg/gr. creat.). For urinary Platinum, values were all
below analytical measurability limits (2.00 ng/ml).
With reference to risks from other chemical
substances, measures to reduce exposure to benzene have made it possible to
keep under control risks to worker health deriving from other petrol components
(methyl benzenes, octane ..., 1-3 butadiene, lead, etc.).
***********************************************************************************************
SECTORAL RISK PROFILE:
PETROL STATIONS
____________________________________________________________________
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE No.1 |
ACCIDENT RISKS |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH-ENVIRONMENTAL
AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES
|
|
Fuel restocking Sub-phases arrival and
manoeuvring of tankers; level checks; manhole cover
opening, loading of tanks -
pouring; manhole checks cleaning
operations |
Structural and
machine risks - knocked down by tanker - fall from tanker during level checks - fall into open manholes - slipping Risks from load
handling - acute traumas caused by lifting manhole covers and
crushing (dorso-lumbar injuries, fingers and toes) - Electrical risk Risk of fire and
explosion (in particular for LPG) |
- prepare suitable signposting - observe safety distances - demarcate area - protective railings, liftable handrail, walkway to
tanker hatches - inclined footways to allow any spilled liquids to
escape - frequent and adequate cleaning of surfaces, using
absorbent material when possible - use nonslip shoes use suitable equipment, PPE and correct postures
when lifting and handling manhole covers - observe no-smoking rule - fire extinguishers within easy reach - connected earthing system - active vapour recovery - vehicle engines switched off - |
Chemical risks - risk of inhaling solvent vapours and contact with
liquids. - cold burns (LPG) Postural and load
handling risks - repetitive backbone traumas Physical risks - exposure to physical agents (microclimatic factors,
traffic noise) |
- correct procedures - suitable PPE and clothes - safety distances - information and training on risks. |
1. WORK PHASE : Fuel restocking
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. No. workers: : 122
PHASE 1: Fuel restocking
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
This phase involves a series of sub-phases: arrival
and manoeuvring of tanker, level checks, opening of manhole covers, loading of
tanks, pouring, manhole checks and cleaning operations:
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
This phase involves the tanker, underground tanks,
manhole/drain covers, tools to open and move covers, vapour recovery system.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The following risk factors are identified:
- accidents
1) knocked down by tanker;
2) fall from tanker during level checks;
3) fall into open manholes;
4) slip on forecourt on slippery surfaces;
5) acute traumas caused by lifting manhole covers and crushing (fingers and
toes, dorso-lumbar injuries);
6) risk of fire and explosion.
health, environmental and organisational
1) risk of inhaling solvent vapours and contact with liquids.
2) cold burns (exposure to LPG)
3) repetitive backbone traumas
4) exposure to physical agents (microclimatic factors, traffic noise)
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
There is a slight likelihood of serious or very
serious injuries, including fatal accidents, in this phase due to the risk of
fire and explosion, being knocked down by the tanker, falling from heights
(from tank hatches on tanker): accidents of this type have not been recorded in
the stations surveyed. There is a greater likelihood of slight injuries due to
the crushing of fingers and toes and bruises owing to the incorrect handling of
manhole covers (22 accidents over past 5 years)
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter the risk of accidents are:
- prepare suitable signposting and demarcate the
restocking area;
- observe safety distances to avoid getting knocked
down during tanker manoeuvres;
- install protective railing when checking tanker
levels, with liftable handrail for the walkway along the hatches of the
tanker’s tanks;
- use of nonslip safety shoes;
- inclined footways to allow any spilled liquids to
escape;
- frequent and adequate cleaning of surfaces, using
absorbent material when possible;
- prevent foreign materials from accumulating in
wells;
- use of suitable equipment (spanners, cover lifters),
PPE (gloves) and correct posture when lifting and handling manhole covers;
- observe no-smoking rule and do not use naked flames;
- type-approved extinguishers, regularly checked,
within easy reach;
- connected earthing, and before unloading from tanker
use AD pliers to ensure the equipotentiality of metal structures;
- active vapour recovery
- vehicle engines switched off
- use of safety procedures
- information and training on risks.
The main actions to counter the risk of health,
environmental and organisational risks are:
- correct procedures to be used by the tanker driver
when restocking tanks;
- observe safety distances;
- use the face-mask with active carbon filter during
sight controls of fuel levels from the tanker’s hatches;
- prevent workers from staying close to the vents of
underground tanks;
- suitable PPE and clothes to protect against cold and
rain;
- information and training on risks.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
The service station is restocked by suppliers of the
oil companies.
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
R.D. 824/27 (articles 44 -46)
M.D. 31.07.1934
Presidential Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303//56
Min. Circ. of 8.7.1970
Legislative Decree 285/92 (Highway Code)
Legislative Decree 626/94
Law no. 413/97
L.D. 32/98
Presidential Decree
37/98
M.D. of 20.10.98
M.D. 246 of 24/5/1999
Documentation to be acquired/available at station
Municipal Authorisation after ASL (Local Health
Authority) opinion is passed on compliance with health, safety and
environmental legislation;
Installation test report (fire services, Finance
Technical Office, LHA) (L.D. 32/98)
Mod. A – lightning protection documentation;
Mod. B – earthing system report (with declaration of
conformity in accordance with Law. 46/90)
Mod. C – report of outdoor
electric installations with risk of explosion/fire
Possession of Fire Prevention Certificate;
LPG tank operations report (pursuant to art. 44-46 of
RD 824/27)
Underground tank sealing certificates (Local Health
Regulations)
Authorisation to dispose of water (forecourt) ( L.R.
62/85 art. 9) and waste materials
Fuel pump type approval certificate (Ministry of
Transport)
Accident register.
Chapter 8 - External risk
Possible pollution of subsoil, with fuels leaking
because of non-airtight tanks or spillage. Atmospheric pollution caused by
solvent vapours in the event of spillage and by combustion products in the
event of fire.
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE 2. SAFETY AND
PREVENTION MEASURES |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Tank storage - check stocks, levels and leakage of underground
tanks; - opening and closure manhole cover |
Structural risks - fall into open manholes - slipping Risks due to
handling of loads acute traumas (dorso-lumbar) caused by lifting
manhole covers and crushing (fingers and toes) Risks due to moving
machinery - knocked down by vehicles when checking levels Electrical risk Risk of fire and
explosion |
- demarcate area - keep non-involved persons at a safe distance - inclined footways to allow any spilled liquids to
escape - frequent and adequate cleaning of surfaces, using
absorbent material when possible - use nonslip shoes - use suitable equipment, PPE and correct posture
when lifting and handling manhole covers - perfectly balanced position so as not to fall in
manhole - connected earthing system; - see that no-smoking rule is observed - fire extinguishers within easy reach. |
Chemical risk - risk of inhaling solvent vapours and contact with
liquids. Postural and load
handling risks - repetitive backbone traumas - Physical
risks - exposure to physical agents (microclimatic
factors, traffic noise) |
- correct procedures - suitable PPE and clothing - information and training on risks. |
|||
1. WORK PHASE : Tank storage
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 122
PHASE 2: Storage
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
This phase involves the opening of manholes, checking
stocks, levels and leakage of underground tanks as well as cleaning operations.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
This phase involves underground tanks (for premium and
unleaded petrol, diesel and LPG), manhole/drain covers, tools to open and move
covers.
The tanks (having
capacity of 7, 10 or 15 m3) are generally double-shelled and made out of welded
sheet steel with crowned bases. The resulting chamber is filled with inert gas,
recorded by a pressure gauge located in a visible position. All the tanks are
connected via insulating copper pipes and are connected to the earth ring via a
copper cable having a section of 50 mm2. The outside of the tanks is adequately protected against corrosion.
Tanks have a manhole fitted to them having an inner diameter of 50 cm, with a
screwed flange cover, tightened using a seal, and are equipped with a
first-level saturation safety device and devices to achieve a closed cycle in
the loading phase. The cover comprises the loading pipe with bronze mouth and
fast-acting lid, a suction pipe, bronze foot valve with double seat and filter,
safety equipment consisting of saturation unit, saturation pipe, flanged
saturator, intermediate flame trap, closed-cycle semiautomatic piston valve
connected to the closed-cycle pipe with quick-coupler and lid and an
equilibrium pipe terminating on the outside at a height of not less than 2.50m,
endowed with terminal flame trap.
The tanks are laid horizontally on a bed of gravel and
sand, propped up in sand and buried at a depth so that the upper generator is
over one metre from the surface level above.
The manholes are enclosed in brickwork wells, having
waterproofed walls using cement mortar, and metal cover (that can be driven
over) with an almost airtight seal, and are at the forecourt level. A copper
strap for the earthing of tankers via connection with AD-PE pliers is installed
inside the wells on the tank dome and connected to earth wires.
The semiautomatic piston valve works as follows: when
the cover of the closed-cycle pipe is removed, a spring inside the valve pushes
the cut-off, which has the shape of a truncated cone and is fitted with an
axial through hole, against the seat, so as to completely close the opening
communicating with the equilibrium pipe: thus during loading operations the
vapours in the tank flow through the closed-cycle pipe and the connecting hose,
ending up in the dome of the tanker.
If the closed-cycle pipe is closed using the
appropriate lid, pressure is exerted on the piston functioning in unison with
the cut-off which, by compressing the spring, uncovers the opening to the
equilibrium pipe, enabling saturation and a balanced pressure for normal tank
operations.
The system includes the underground network of pipes
of the petrol vapour recovery system, to be constructed in accordance with the
technical directives set forth in L.D. 196/05/96 (in Official Journal of
5.7.96) and M.D. 294 of 27.05.96.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The following risk factors are identified:
- accidents
1) fall into open wells;
2) slip on forecourt on slippery surfaces;
3) acute traumas caused by lifting manhole covers and crushing (fingers and
toes, dorso-lumbar injuries);
4)
knocked down by vehicles when checking levels
5) Risk of fire and explosion.
health, environmental and organisational
1) risk of inhaling solvent vapours and contact with liquids.
2) repetitive backbone traumas
3) exposure to physical agents (microclimatic factors, traffic noise)
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
There is a slight likelihood of serious or very
serious injuries, including fatal accidents, in this phase due to the risk of
fire and explosion, being knocked down by the tanker and falling into wells:
accidents of this type have not been recorded in the stations surveyed. There
is a greater likelihood of slight injuries due to the crushing of fingers and
toes and bruises owing to the incorrect handling of manhole covers.
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter the risk of accidents are:
- demarcate area;
- keep non-involved persons at a safe distance;
- inclined footways to allow any spilled liquids to
escape;
- frequent and adequate cleaning of surfaces, using
absorbent material when possible;
- use nonslip shoes;
- use suitable equipment, wheel wrench, PPE and
correct posture when lifting and handling manhole covers;
- perfectly balanced position so as not to fall in
well;
- see that no-smoking rule is observed;
- observance of safety distances between underground
tanks (M.D. 31.07.1934);
- fire extinguishers within easy reach;
- connected earthing system;
- vehicle engines switched off;
- use of safety procedures;
- information and training on risks.
The main actions to counter health, environmental and
organisational risks are:
- prevent workers from staying close to the vents of
underground tanks;
- use suitable PPE and equipment, wheel wrench for
manhole covers;
- put the cover in a safe and stable place on the
floor after it has been lifted;
- suitable clothes to protect against cold and rain;
- information and training on risks.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
Seal checks and tank maintenance.
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
R.D. 824/27 (articles 44-46)
M.D. 31.07.1934
Presidential Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303/56
Min. Circ. 8.7.1970
Presidential Decree 524 of 8/6/1982
Legislative Decree 626/94
L.D. 196/05/96
Law 413/97
L.D. 32/98
M.D. 20.10.98
M.D. 246 of 24/5/1999
Documentation to be acquired/available at station
Mod. A – lightning protection documentation;
Mod. B – earthing system report (with declaration of
conformity in accordance with Law. 46/90)
Mod. C – report of outdoor
electric installations with risk of explosion/fire
Possession of Fire Prevention Certificate;
LPG tank operations report (pursuant to art. 44-46 of
RD 824/27)
Underground tank sealing certificates (Local Health
Regulations)
Installation test report (fire services, Finance
Technical Office, LHA) (L.D. 32/98)
Chapter 8 - External risk
Possible pollution of subsoil, with fuels leaking due
to non-sealed tanks or spillage. Atmospheric pollution caused by solvent
vapours in the event of spillage and by combustion products in the event of
fire.
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE No.3 |
ACCIDENT RISK |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY MEASURES |
|
Supply of fuel Supply of fuel Supply of fuel |
Structural and
moving vehicle risks - knocked down by vehicles, - slipping - tripping over or pulled by the fuel pump hose (if
the vehicle moves suddenly) Dangerous substances
- inhalation of and contact with vapour and spurts
of fuel cold burns (LPG) Risk of fire and explosion Electrical risk |
- sufficient space for queuing and refuelling, keep
area unobstructed; - pay special attention to moving vehicles; - adequate cleaning of forecourt - immediately clean up any fuel spills - use nonslip safety shoes - if possible use safety gloves - if possible use automatic dispensing function; - when dispensing the pump nozzle must be placed
firmly in the filler; - if a full tank is requested, minimise round-up
time; - ensure the tank is filled correctly to prevent
accidental fuel spillage; - stand to one side of the filler to avoid inhaling
vapours or contact with petrol; - remove the nozzle from the vehicle’s filler and
return it to the pump column before accepting payment; - vapour recovery system - see that no-smoking rule is observed - dispensing with engine switched off; - do not keep in pockets cloth imbued with fuel or
material that could set off fire (lighters, etc.) - extinguishers positioned correctly and in good
working order (periodical checks) - updated FPC (Fire Prevention Certificate); - electrical installation conforming to law
provisions; - CEI standard 64-2 No. 1431 and CEI 64 - 2/A no. 1432 - check earthing - safety distances (M.D. 31.07.1934, C.M. No. 10
10.02.1969) |
Chemical risk - risk of inhaling vapour of aromatic hydrocarbon
mixes (benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene) and
aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, octane, etc.) - absorption owing to direct contact of skin and
mucous membrane with relative liquid products or with dirty clothes; - exposure to lead; - exposure to airborne exhaust fumes from vehicle
traffic Physical risks - exposure to adverse microclimate |
- use of petrol having low benzene (<1% in
weight) and aromatic hydrocarbon content (30%) - endow installations with vapour recovery system
incorporated in fuel pump (M.D. 16.05.96) - local extraction system used with fuel pumps; - correct safety procedures; - spread of self-service systems - if possible use safety gloves - avoid contamination of clothing; - immediately change soiled clothes; - do not use petrol to clean hands, etc.; - do not smoke or eat with dirty hands and in the
workplace; - if possible use disposable paper to clean hands; - if possible use automatic dispensing function; - when dispensing the pump nozzle must be placed
firmly in the filler; - if a full tank is requested, minimise round-up
time; - ensure the tank is filled correctly to prevent
accidental fuel spillage; - stand to one side of the filler to avoid inhaling
vapours or contact with petrol; - persons below the age of 18 not allowed to
dispense fuel; (Legislative Decree
345 of 4 August 1999) - correct and regular maintenance of installation; - protection of dispensing area with appropriate
canopy and building or prefabricated building for sheltering the attendant
and adequate lavatories; - use suitable protective clothing against rain and
cold; - training and information; health monitoring depending on risk level. |
1. WORK PHASE : Dispensing of fuel to vehicles
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 292
PHASE 3: Dispensing of fuel
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
The following supply methods are possible:
1) traditional method, manual;
2) dispensing using a preset device;
3) self-service dispenser with or without attendant.
Installations may be broken down as follows;
a) existing, not endowed with vapour recovery system
(pending upgrading in accordance with M.D. 294 of 27.05.96 and Law 413 of
4/11/97 - M.D. 294 of 27.05.96;
b) existing, recently upgraded;
c) new installations endowed with vapour recovery
system;
d) stations with local vapour extraction system.
In this WORK PHASE the attendant, who in most cases is
also the station manager, dispenses the amount of fuel requested after having
opened the vehicle’s fuel tank, and collects payment after having re-closed the
tank.
The time spent close to the source of vapour emission
(pump nozzle–tank) is reduced when preset
devices are present.
If there are self-service
pre-pay installations, the driver of the vehicle performs refuelling
operations himself after having paid via cash or magnetic payment card the
amounted due in the cashier unit (which accepts banknotes and credit cards)
close to the pump. Drivers in difficulty can be helped by station staff if they
are present.
In other cases the driver, after having dispensed the
desired amount of fuel, goes to the nearby kiosk to make the payment, which is
accepted by a member of staff.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
The dispensing area consists of more than one island,
above which a metal prefabricated canopy is installed, with a false ceiling
made from a self-extinguishing material, the station kiosk, or shop, lavatories
and fuel pumps.
The installations chiefly consist of multiproduct
pumps (usually 3 in number) for the dispensing of premium and unleaded petrol
and diesel, connected to the respective tanks and possibly to the self-service
pre-pay units, which accept banknotes and credit cards, and of a single gas-oil
mixture pump, connected to the premium petrol tank and the lube oil tank (0.3
m3).
The pumps, endowed with type approval certification,
are installed in ad hoc dispensing islands, have electronic heads and are
approved in accordance with title 1 chap. XVII of M.D. 31 July 1934.
Connections to electrical and earthing installations
conform to CEI Standards 64-2 no. 1431 and CEI 64-2/A no. 1432.
If pumps fail to work properly, antispill valves come
into action to interrupt product dispensing.
Internal, external and protection safety distances are
within the limits fixed by M.D. 21.07.1934 and by the Circular issued by the
Interior Ministry, no. 10, of 10.02.1969.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The following risk factors are identified:
- accidents
1) knocked down by vehicles,
2) slipping
3) tripping over or pulled down by the dispensing hose (if the vehicle
moves suddenly)
4) inhalation of and contact with vapour and spurts of fuel, cold burns
(LPG);
5) risk of fire and explosion;
6) electrical risk.
health, environmental and organisational
1) risk of inhaling vapour of aromatic hydrocarbon
mixes (benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene), aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane,
heptane, octane, etc.) and 1-3 butadiene;
2) exposure due to direct contact of skin and mucous
membrane with relative liquid products or with dirty clothes;
3) exposure to airborne exhaust fumes from vehicle
traffic;
4) exposure to lead;
5) exposure to unfavourable microclimate.
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
There is a slight likelihood of serious or very
serious injuries, including fatal accidents, in this phase due to the risk of
fire and explosion and being knocked down by vehicles. Accidents of this type
or occupational diseases have not however been recorded at the stations
surveyed.
Chemical risk: benzene
Benzene, the content of which in petrol ranges from
0.5% to 3.4% in weight (1-5-19-20-32) is a human carcinogenic agent; exposure
to this compound entails the risk of developing leukaemia, in particular acute myelocytic leukaemia. These
pathologies were first reported in the 1970s among chemical workers involved in
the production of Pliofilm and exposed to concentrations of benzene in the
region of hundreds of ppm (28). Benzene is thus placed in group 1 (human
carcinogenic agents) by the international agency of research on cancer (IARC).
Petrol vapours and exhaust fumes from petrol engines are considered by the IARC
as possible human carcinogenic agents (Group 2B), while emissions from Diesel
vehicles are classified in the group (Group 2A) of likely carcinogenic agents.
Extended exposure to high doses of benzene may also cause Diamond-Blackfan
syndrome, leucopenia, thrombopenia, neurotoxic effects (29-42). Human
carcinogenicity as a result of exposure to high doses has definitely been
shown: studies have indeed shown an epidemiological link between leukaemia and
exposure to benzene refer to workers exposed to high doses of benzene, while many doubts remain as to the risk of
leukaemia from low levels of exposure. Benzene, whose use as a solvent is
now forbidden in the EU, is present in varying concentrations in biological
matrices (vegetable), combustion residues and petrol for motor propulsion
available on the market. Its ubiquitous presence in the ecosystem means that
broad sections of the population are exposed to low doses.
Surveys have been conducted throughout the country in
recent years, some of which coordinated by the Higher Institute for Health, on
the evaluation of risk associated with exposure to benzene contained in motor
fuels. Retrospective mortality studies on 2,665 service station workers in the
Latium region (33) showed insignificant increases in tumours of the oesophagus,
bladder, encephalon and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, while tumours of the kidney,
lung and leukaemia proved to be less frequent than expected; other studies
suggested an increased risk of respiratory tumours and of kidney tumours among
pump attendants (30-34) but not of acute
myeloid leukaemia (27). In a cohort of 23,306 British workers distributing
fuel with tankers, modest but significant increases in cases of leukaemia,
tumours of the kidney, bladder and prostate were observed (41). A recent
meta-analysis carried out on 208,741 workers in the oil industry exposed to
generally higher levels than service station workers did not show a significant increase in mortality caused by leukaemia
(46). No certain link was demonstrated between exposure to benzene and an
increase in leukaemia and death due to leukaemia in ecological studies on the
distribution of fuel in 19 European countries (44). In a cohort of 19,000
workers exposed to benzene vapours presumably at concentrations ranging from
500-1000 g./m3 in service stations in 4 northern European countries (343,000
persons/year) there was no proven excess risk of leukaemia in general and of
acute myeloid leukaemia in particular (35). Although the above studies did not
show a link between leukaemia and exposure to low doses of benzene, it is
interesting to mention a recent survey conducted on 65 service station workers
in Rome, which showed up a dose-response relationship between urinary excretion
of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosin (8-OHdG, an indicator of oxidative damage of DNA)
and an increase in the intensity of personal exposure to benzene (13). The
results of nationwide research conducted by AGIP-Petroli (1-39) pointed up
exposure of service station workers to a mean concentration of 482 g./m3 (limit
proposed by ACGIH for 1997: 1600 g./m3 – 0.5 ppm ). A recent study funded by
the Ministry of Employment and the EEC and conducted by the Higher Institute
for Health on occupational exposure to benzene of 27 filling station workers
showed levels of 1,730 g/m3 ( SD = 5530) and concentrations of benzene in fuels
of 2.86% for premium petrol and 2.65% in samples of unleaded petrol. The study
also pointed up statistically significant associations between occupational
exposure to benzene and the amount of petrol dispensed/amount of benzene
present in the fuel sold on the day of monitoring (32). The National
Toxicological Advisory Committee (CCTN) estimated the risk of contracting
leukaemia for the whole Italian population, relating to exposure to benzene,
from a minimum of 17 to a maximum of 246 cases of leukaemia per year, in other
words out of 1,000 cases of leukaemia, 3 to 50 would be the result of exposure
to benzene from vehicle emissions. The CCTN has also estimated that the
additional number of cases of leukaemia per 1,000 persons occupationally
exposed for 40 years to a mean concentration of 480 micrograms/m3 (0.16 ppm) of
benzene, is between 0.5 and 2.1. (18-23). In Italy there are about 34,000
service stations in which approximately 100,000 workers are employed: an
awareness and appraisal of occupational exposure to benzene among pump
attendants is very important, both for the type of pathology associated with
the substance and for the number of exposed workers, and also because the
information that can be obtained from studies on workers may be useful for
surveys on levels of exposure of the general population to petrol vapours and
vehicle exhaust fumes.
To assess occupational exposure to benzene and
estimate the risk of leukaemia among petrol station workers, 122 filling
stations were surveyed in the territory under the jurisdiction of ASL Bergamo
of the Lombardy Region; in 90 of these stations interviews were conducted after
having made a cognitive inspection of the premises, with the compilation of
questionnaires; 292 pump attendants were identified. In service stations located
chiefly (70%) in built-up areas, where only 19% of workers were employees and
16% were women workers, the amount of fuel sold by each attendant was
calculated, breaking results down by fuel: premium, unleaded, mixture and
diesel. In 21 service stations 55 environmental measurements were effected in
the period 1995-97, with 17 fixed samplers and 38 personal samplers, to
determine the concentration of airborne benzene and methyl benzenes. A total of
155 analyses were performed. Samples of petrol were also collected to determine
the concentration of benzene: values of between 0.65% and 3% were recorded (1995). The mean concentration of
airborne benzene measured using the personal samplers in 1995 was 560 gr./m3
(SD:240) (new proposed TWA - ACGIH limit: 1600 gr./m3 – 0.5 ppm), and toluene and xylene values below ACGIH limits
for occupationally exposed workers. The mean benzene value was close to the
national average as measured by the AGIP-Petroli study in 1992 (482 gr. /m3)
but below the average recorded for service stations in northern Italy (760 g.
/m3): the results of fixed sampling (average 110 g. / m3, SD 58, Range 19-128 )
are comparable with national average results (average 110 g./m3). Measurements
were repeated in 1996 for stations where values were close to proposed limits;
in 1997 values were recorded at 9 new stations after an information campaign on
risks and procedures for correct and safe refuelling and after the adoption of
preventive measures: the analyses undertaken showed up a significant reduction
( p 0.001) or a halving, on average, of the concentration of benzene measured
using personal samplers (257.3 g/m3 - SD: 148.2). The concentration of airborne
benzene was also calculated to estimate urban atmospheric pollution: moving
average values for the measuring period were below the limits of quality
objectives set for the period through 31.12.1998 (15 g./m3). Environmental
measurements were supplemented by biological monitoring data: the concentration
of urinary Trans-Trans Muconic Acid collected at the end of the working shift
from 40 petrol pump attendants was calculated (ttMA: 262.7 g./g. creat., SD
204.3); results were compared with those of a control group that was not
occupationally exposed (ttMA: 43.56 gr./g creat., SD 42.15). Biological data
(urinary ttMA) confirmed low levels of occupational exposure to benzene,
although there was still a significant difference (p<0.001) between
occupationally exposed and non-exposed persons. From the study results it may
be estimated that the risk of leukaemia among exposed service station workers
is very low: this risk, deriving from mean exposure to benzene of 257.3 g./m3,
has been estimated at less than 0.5 cases per 1000 persons exposed for a
40-year period.
Data obtained in 1999 (28 stations monitored, 252
measurements, 84 with reference to benzene) showed a further reduction in
exposure, especially in stations endowed with steam recovery plants (83.8
micrg./m3), local steam extraction systems (93.7 micrg./m3) and self-service
installations (18.1 micrg./m3): the
risk of leukaemia in the latter cases may be considered as negligible,
especially for workers at self-service stations.
With reference to risks from other chemical
substances, measures to reduce exposure to benzene have made it possible to
keep under control risks to worker health deriving from other petrol components
(methyl benzenes, octane ..., 1-3 butadiene, lead, etc.).
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter the risk of accidents are:
- sufficient space for queuing and refuelling, keep
area unobstructed;
- pay special attention to moving vehicles;
- adequate cleaning of forecourt;
- immediately clean up any fuel spills;
- use nonslip safety shoes;
- if possible use safety gloves;
- if possible use automatic dispensing function;
- when dispensing the pump nozzle must be placed
firmly in the filler;
- if a full tank is requested, minimise round-up time;
- ensure the tank is filled correctly to prevent
accidental fuel spillage;
- stand to one side of the filler to avoid inhaling
vapours or contact with petrol;
- remove the nozzle from the vehicle’s filler and
return it to the pump column before accepting payment;
- vapour recovery system;
- see that no-smoking rule is observed;
- fill tank with engine switched off;
- do not keep in pockets cloth imbued with fuel or
material that could set off fire (lighters, etc.);
- extinguishers positioned correctly and in good
working order (type approved and regularly checked) and of a sufficient number
(e.g. 5): powder-based 6 kg extinguishers having a capacity equal to or above
89 B and C positioned at the feet of pumps, and buckets of sand ( 4 -5);
- updated FPC (Fire Prevention Certificate);
- electrical installation conforming to law
provisions;
- CEI standard 64-2 No. 1431 and CEI 64 - 2/A no. 1432
- testing in accordance with Standard CEI 17-13/1 -
IEC 439-1 - EN 60439-1
- check earthing;
- pumps type approved in accordance with M.D. 31.07.1934
- observe safety distances (M.D. 31.07.1934, C.M. No.
10 10.02.1969):
- fuel pumps must be placed more than 6 m from
railways or tramways crossing ordinary roads;
- railways or tramways on their own tracks must not be
in the vicinity of the installation, i.e. at a distance of less than 20 metres;
- there must be a distance of more than 50 cm from one
underground tank to the next;
- underground tanks must be placed more than 2 metres
from cellars and similar structures;
- between the installation and the perimeter of prison
buildings and annexed land there must be a distance of more than 100 metres;
- fuel pump islands must be placed more than 9 metres
from areas specifically indicated as car park areas, from motels, catering
structures, cafeterias, restaurants, snack bars and fast-food restaurants
having a surface area in excess of 20 m2.
The main actions to counter health, environmental and
organisational risks are:
- implementation of the provisions of Title VII from
art. 60 to 72 of Legislative Decree 626/94 (Protection against carcinogenic
agents);
- use of petrol having low benzene (<1% in weight)
and aromatic hydrocarbon content (30%);
- equip installations with vapour recovery system
incorporated into dispensing pumps (M.D. 16.05.96, M.D. 294 of 27.05.96 and Law
no. 413 of 4/11/97 - M.D. no. 76 of 20.01.1999);
- local extraction system within fuel pump;
- safety signposting and labelling;
- spread of self-service systems;
- if possible use safety gloves;
- correct
safety procedures;
- avoid contamination of clothing;
- immediately change soiled clothes;
- do not use petrol to clean hands, etc;
- do not smoke or eat with dirty hands and in the
workplace;
- use if possible disposable paper to clean hands ;
- if possible use automatic dispensing function;
- when dispensing the pump nozzle must be placed
firmly in the filler;
- if a full tank is requested, minimise round-up time;
- ensure the tank is filled correctly to prevent
accidental fuel spillage;
- stand to one side of the filler and in a safe
position to avoid inhaling vapours or contact with petrol;
- persons below the age of 18 not allowed to dispense
fuel;
- correct and regular maintenance of installations;
- protection of dispensing area with appropriate
canopy and building or prefabricated building for sheltering the attendant and
adequate lavatories ;
- use suitable protective clothing against rain and
cold;
- training and information;
- register of exposed workers (art. 70 Legislative
Decree 626/94) ;
- health monitoring depending on risk level;
·
having regard to the proposed health monitoring
protocol contained in the final document of the regional Benzene Working Group
in 1997 (Prof. Apostoli, Prof. Foà, Prof. Ghittori, et al.), having regard to
the indications contained in the Guidelines of the Industrial Hygiene and
Medicine Unit of the Autonomous Province of Trento for the Evaluation and
management of petrol-related risks to the health of service station workers,
and having regard to the results of our study, the following health monitoring
protocol is proposed, to be implemented according to the levels of exposure,
for pump attendants:
1) for workers in self-service pre-pay stations: no health monitoring;
2) for other stations:
a) preventive medical
checkups, supplemented by
b) complete blood count,
creatininemia, ggt, cot, gpt;
c) ttMA at end of working
shift.
Regular annual medical checkup inclusive of tests b)
and c) :
- annual up to 1 July 2000
(from that date all installations will be endowed with
vapour capture systems);
- biennial, inclusive of tests b) and c) for new
stations, for everybody as from 1 July 2000;
If after that date the level of exposure does not show
up risks to workers’ health (also bearing in mind environmental and biological
monitoring), health monitoring (Title VII Chap. III art. 69 of Legislative
Decree 626/94) may be suspended by
requesting an exemption in accordance with art. 35 of Presidential Decree
303/56 and in the view of the Competent Physician and Employer in accordance
with the provisions of Legislative Decree 626/94, and the station manager may
also be exempted from keeping the Register of exposed workers pursuant to art.
70 of Legislative Decree 626/94.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
Maintenance, cleaning and control of installations.
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
R.D. 824/27
M.D. 31.07.1934
Presidential Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303/56 (art. 35)
M.D.1877654 of 17.06.59
Min. Circ. 8.7.1970
Presidential Decree 524 OF 8/6/1982
M.D. 342425 of 30.07.83
CEI standards 64-2 No. 1431 and CEI 64 - 2/A. 1432
Standards CEI 17-13/1 - IEC 439-1 - EN 60439
M.D. 332746 of 21.11.81
Legislative Decree 277/91
Legislative Decree 626/94 (Title VII art. 60 -72)
L.D. 196/05/96
Law no. 413/97
M.D. 16.05.96
M.D. 294 of 27.05.96 – Law no. 413 of 4/11/97,
L.D. 32/98
Presidential Decree 37 of 12.01.1998
M.D. no. 64 10.03.1998
M. Circular 95.5.1998
M.D. 20.10.98
M.D. 76 of 20.01.1999 ;
M.D. 246 of 24/5/1999
Legislative Decree 346 of 08.09.1999
Legislative Decree 345 of 04.08.1999
Documentation to be acquired/available at station
Mod. A – lightning protection/calculation of lightning
documentation;
Mod. B – earthing system report (with declaration of
conformity in accordance with Law 46/90)
Mod. C – report of outdoor
electric installations with risk of explosion/fire
Possession of Fire Prevention Certificate;
Pump type-approval certificates
Installation test report (fire services, Finance
Technical Office, LHA) (L.D. 32/98)
Accident register
Appointment of Safety and Prevention Officer
Appointment of Competent Physician
Opinions on job fitness
Exposure register
Chapter 8 - External risk
Possible pollution of subsoil, due to spillage and
leaking. Atmospheric pollution caused by solvent vapours in the event of
spillage and by combustion products in the event of fire.
The risk of atmospheric pollution may be relevant only
in the event of uncontrolled fire.
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE NO. 4 |
ACCIDENT RISK |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY AND
PREVENTION MEASURES |
|
Sundry vehicle services: - level checks - tyre checks - windscreen cleaning |
Structural and
risks from moving vehicles and equipment. - knocked down by moving vehicles; - burns caused by contact with hot parts of engine
and after opening radiator tops (jets of steam or hot water) or with motor
oil; - slipping; - injuries caused by incorrectly blocked open
bonnet; - injuries caused by contact with moving parts of
the engine; - exploding tyres during checks |
- sufficient space and safety for such operations; - pay attention to moving vehicles; - adequate
procedures - engine switched off during operations; - block open bonnet correctly before commencing work
in engine area - allow the engine to cool before opening the
radiator top or unscrew it slowly and with due caution, allowing pressure to
be released and using safety gloves; - if not strictly necessary, do not work while the engine is switched
on, and do not place hands close to moving parts or to parts that may start
moving; - portable tyre pump conforming to law provisions
and regularly checked |
Postural risk - posture; Chemical risk - contact with motor oils; - contact with windscreen cleaning products; - inhaling solvent vapours from the carburettor or
from dispensing activity; Physical risk - unfavourable microclimate (high and low
environmental temperatures); |
- correct and mobile postures; - use of PPE (safety gloves); - use of suitable tools to clean windscreen; - vapour recovery system; - correct work procedures; - avoid performing work close to pumps; - suitable protective clothing in bad weather; - training and information; |
1. WORK PHASE : Sundry vehicle services
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 292
Phase 4: Sundry vehicle services
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
The main activities performed in this work phase are:
checking levels, cleaning windscreen and checking tyre pressure: the first two
actions are often performed in tandem with fuel dispensing. When checking
levels it may be necessary to add radiator fluid, motor oil and brake liquid.
The windscreen is cleaned with specific equipment and products (sponges,
cloths, window cleaner).
Tyre pressure is checked using a portable or fixed
tyre pump.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
The following items are used to clean the windscreen:
windscreen sponge with handle, sponges, cloths, windscreen detergents.
Radiator fluids, brake fluids, battery liquids and
motor oils for top-ups are used.
To check tyre pressure: a portable tyre pump or fixed
tyre pump located in a safe zone.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The
main accident-related risks are:
- knocked down by other
moving vehicles;
- burns caused by contact
with hot parts of engine and after opening radiator tops (jets of steam or hot
water) or with motor oil;
- slipping;
- injuries caused by open
bonnet not correctly blocked;
- injuries caused by contact
with moving parts of the engine;
- exploding tyres during
checks.
The main health,
environmental and organisational risks are:
- postural;
- contact with motor oils;
- contact with windscreen cleaning products (soaps,
anionic and cationic detergents, etc.);
- unfavourable microclimate (high and low
environmental temperatures);
- inhaling solvent vapours
from the carburettor or from dispensing activity.
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
This work phase may be
considered low-risk for workers: no occupational disease recorded, 10 minor
accidents over past five years, occurring when checking levels (minor burns to
forearm/hands, backache) .
No cases were recorded of
allergic and irritative dermatitis through contact or of folliculitis of the
skin of upper limbs.
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter
the risk of accidents are:
- sufficient space and safety for such operations;
- signposting and paying attention to moving vehicles;
- adequate procedures
- engine switched off during operations;
- block open bonnet correctly before commencing work
in engine area;
- allow engine to cool before opening the radiator top
or unscrew it slowly, with due caution, allowing pressure to be released and
using safety gloves;
- if not strictly necessary, do not work while the engine is switched on,
and do not place hands close to moving parts or to parts that may start moving;
- portable tyre pump conforming to law provisions and
regularly checked;
The main actions to counter
health, environmental and organisational risks are
- correct postures that are mobile and not prolonged;
- use of PPE (safety gloves);
- use of suitable tools to clean windscreen;
- suitable protective clothing in bad weather;
- vapour recovery system;
- correct work procedures;
- avoid performing work close to pumps;
- training and information.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
No
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
Presidential Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303/56
Legislative Decree 626/94.
Law no. 413/97
M.D. 16.05.96
M.D. 294 of 27.05.96 – Law no. 413 of 4/11/97 ,
Some important documents :
Safety and toxicological
data sheets for products used
Register of used oils
Register of special waste
materials
Chapter 8 – External risk
No or negligible risk for the environment by virtue of
the adequate collection of wastewater and waste materials and cleaning of the
work area.
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE No. 5 |
ACCIDENT RISKS |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY AND
PREVENTION MEASURES |
|
Maintenance and cleaning services: work on
equipment to repair simple
problems or for cleaning; regular equipment
checks; cleaning of area,
lavatories, kiosk, handling of waste. Maintenance of
installations and repair of major damage (by other firms) |
Structural and
equipment-related risks - slipping; - nips and cuts; - falls from ladders when cleaning windows and
ceilings; - burns; Dangerous substances - contact with skin irritant products; (handling of waste) Electrical risk (electrocution) Risk of fire |
- adequate cleaning of work area; - use of nonslip shoes; - use of adequate safety gloves; - use of steady and solid ladders, not worn and
regularly checked and used in an appropriate and safe manner (correct
positioning, right inclination, steady base for all feet, correct
inclination, correct balancing of body); - do not use inflammable products; - adequate maintenance of wastewater treatment
system; - regular checking of sludge and oil levels,
removing and disposing of them in accordance with law provisions; - disconnect installations and equipment on which
work is performed from mains; - compliance with CEI standards and Law 46/90 - equipment endowed with safety certification (CE
marking, UNI compliance) - observe no-smoking rule and do not use naked
flames; - check correct functioning of equipment and
installations, reporting anomalies and seeking the intervention of
maintenance firms; - contracting out and safety measures in accordance
with art. 7 of Legislative Decree 626/94 (Coordinated work plan) |
Postural risk and
handling of loads - (risk of dorso-lumbar injuries); Chemical risk - irritative or allergic dermatitis caused by
contact with cleaning products; Biological risk - biological risk when cleaning lavatories; - handling of waste; Physical risks - unfavourable microclimate; |
- correct procedures; - do not exceed loads of 30 kg - handle loads with use of aids; - use of adequate safety clothing and PPE (gloves,
boots, safety shoes, etc.) (endowed with CE marking) - safety and toxicological data sheets for products
used; -use of adequate safety gloves - training and information |
1. WORK PHASE : Maintenance and cleaning services
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 150
Phase no. 5: Maintenance and cleaning services
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
This phase is marked by
activity performed by service station staff, with actions on equipment to
repair simple faults or for cleaning, regular equipment checks, cleaning of
work area, lavatories and kiosk, and larger-scale actions for the regular
maintenance and cleaning of installations (nozzles, pumps, tanks, car wash,
hydraulic lift, tyre pump, etc.) and to repair major faults, the latter being
carried out by specialist external firms, as well as regular checks of
electrical and fire prevention systems, including the regular checking of fire
extinguishers.
Cleaning operations at
motorway or large-sized service stations are performed by external cleaning
firms.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
The following items and
products are used for cleaning:
ladders, mechanical floor sweepers, vacuum cleaners for liquid and dust
collection, floor polishers, brushes, cleaners, detergents (alcohol + sodium
alkane sulphonate, isopropanol + perfume essences, etc.), detergents, e.g.
sodium carbonate + sodium perborate + AND, etc.), soaps, shampoos,
disinfectants (formaldehyde, alcohol), descalers, window spray cleaners (
2-Butoxyethanol) and for furniture (non-ionic surface-active agents, paraffin
oil and silicone, isoparaffin), chlorine bleach, strong acid solutions,
hydrochloric acid, ammonia with concentration of 3% - 5% - 6%, etc.
Equipment used for the
maintenance and repair of installations are those generally used by external
firms called upon to intervene.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The
main accident-related risks are:
- slipping;
- nips and cuts;
- falls from ladders when cleaning windows and
ceilings;
- burns;
- contact with skin and mucous membranes irritant
products;
- electrical risk;
(electrocution)
- risk of fire and explosion.
The main health,
environmental and organisational risks are
- posture and handling of loads, with the risk of
dorso-lumbar injuries;
- irritative or allergic dermatitis caused by contact
with cleaning products;
- biological risk when cleaning lavatories;
- unfavourable microclimate (sudden heat changes);
- handling of waste.
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
The risks identified for the
implementation of preventive measures may be considered as very low. No
accident or occupational disease has been recorded over the past 5 years.
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter
the risk of accidents are:
- adequate cleaning of work area;
- use of nonslip shoes;
- use of adequate safety gloves;
- do not use inflammable products;
- use of steady and solid ladders, not worn and
regularly checked and used in an appropriate and safe manner (correct positioning,
right inclination, steady base for all feet, correct inclination, correct
balancing of body);
- adequate maintenance of wastewater treatment system;
- regular checking of sludge and oil levels, removing
and disposing of them in accordance with law provisions;
- disconnect installations and equipment on which work
is performed from the mains;
- compliance with CEI standards and Law 46/90
- equipment endowed with safety certification (CE
marking, UNI compliance)
- observe no-smoking rules and do not use naked
flames;
- check correct functioning of equipment and
installations, reporting anomalies and seeking the intervention of maintenance
firms;
- contracting out and safety measures in accordance
with art. 7 of Legislative Decree 626/94 (Coordinated work plan).
The main actions to counter
health, environmental and organisational risks are:
- correct safety procedures;
- do not exceed loads of 30 kg
- handle loads with use of aids;
- use of adequate safety clothing and PPE (gloves,
boots, safety shoes, etc.)
(endowed with CE marking)
- training and information
- availability of information from the safety and
toxicological datasheets of products used.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
The maintenance of
installations, and in some cases general cleaning activities, are outsourced.
Service station staff ensure that equipment and installations are working
properly, reporting any anomalies and seeking the intervention of maintenance
firms, with which the Station stipulates a work contract, in which safety
measures are specified, in accordance with art. 7 of Legislative Decree 626/94
(Coordinated work plan).
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
Presidential
Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303/56
Legislative Decree 626/94
(art. 7).
Legislative Decree 22/97 and
subsequent amendments.
Chapter 8 – External risk
Possibility of polluting the subsoil due to spillage
(fuels) and leakage during cleaning and maintenance operations and to products
used for cleaning (soaps and detergents). Atmospheric pollution caused by
solvent vapours in the event of spillage and by combustion products in the
event of fire.
The risk of atmospheric pollution may be relevant only
in the event of uncontrolled fire.
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE No. 6 |
ACCIDENT RISKS |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY AND
PREVENTION MEASURES |
|
Garage - Repair of vehicle engines and mechanical parts; - vehicle servicing; - level checks and battery charging; - motor oil substitution; - pressure checks and tyres substitution; - storeroom. - activities using hydraulic lift; |
Structural and
moving vehicle risks - knocked down by vehicles in movement or being
tested; Risks from
machinery and equipment - injuries to upper limbs due to crushing, cuts,
entanglement owing to use of manual equipment and contact with cutting parts;
(screwdrivers, pliers, hammers, grinding stones,
small drills, portable emery wheel, equipment for loading air conditioning,
recipients under pressure for loading oil) - projection of splinters; - burns caused by contact with hot parts of engine
and after opening radiator tops (jets of steam or hot water) or with motor
oil; - injuries caused by open bonnet not correctly
blocked; Dangerous
substances - spurts/jets of liquids – acid from batteries, Other risks - slipping and tripping up; - injuries caused by contact with moving parts of
the engine; - exploding tyres during checks; - falling in the hole used for repairs from below; - dorso-lumbar
traumas; - materials falling from above (from hydraulic lift
or storeroom shelves or packaging); Electrical risk - electrocution owing to accidental contact with
damaged electric cables, equipment in poor condition, portable electric
lights) Risk of fire and
explosion (inflammable substances) |
- sufficient space and safety for such operations; - pay attention to moving vehicles; - signposting and safety notices; - machinery, tools, equipment installed as
recommended by the manufacturer and used in appropriate fashion, accompanied
by instruction booklet for use; - fixed or mobile guards for machine tools; - use of safety goggles; - adequate
procedures - engine switched off during operations; - block open bonnet correctly before commencing work
in engine area; - allow the engine to cool before opening the
radiator top or unscrew it slowly, with due caution, allowing pressure to be
released and using safety gloves; - adequate and frequent cleaning of floors; - use of nonslip safety shoes; - if not strictly necessary, do not work while the engine is switched
on, and do not place hands close to moving parts or to parts that may start
moving; - portable tyre pump conforming to law provisions
and regularly checked; - compliance with UNI standards for work pits for
vehicles; - suitable signposting and protection of pits; - use of suitable aids and equipment to handle heavy
loads; - use of pedal-operated hydraulic lifts; - fixed shelving and materials stored in safe
position; use of safe and steady ladders; - declarations of conformity and regular servicing
of hydraulic lifts; - notices indicating maximum bearing capacity for
vehicle hydraulic lifts; - correct positioning of vehicle on lift, with
weight balanced, gear engaged and hand brake pulled; - care taken with vehicle raising/lowering phases; - use of wheel-blocking wedges if necessary; - nobody on board the vehicle when it is on the
lift; - electric system constructed in workmanlike fashion
(Law 46/90); - declaration of earthing system and regular checks
(every two years); - ASL opinion to obtain licence; - observe no-smoking rule and do not use naked
flames; - avoid the formation of explosive mixes; - Fire Prevention Certificate if required; - presence of regularly checked portable or fixed
fire extinguishers (A-B-C); - training of fire prevention team; - exits unobstructed; |
Postural risk and
handling of loads - avoid uncomfortable and forced postures; - handling of engine pieces; Chemical risk - contact with used motor oils; - degreasers for cleaning of pieces; - possible asbestos fibres when substituting brakes
and clutches; - vehicle exhaust fumes and gases; |
- suitable instrumentation and equipment; - organise work so as to avoid fixed and prolonged
postures - adequate work procedures; - do not exceed weights of 30 kg; - use of suitable aids; - use of suitable protective clothing and PPE
resistant to oils (safety gloves, shoes, overalls and aprons) - avoid keeping oil-imbued cloths in overall
pockets; - avoid cleaning one’s hands with the same cloths or
pieces of paper used to clean pieces or equipment, do not use abrasive
pastes, solvents or emulsions; - use adequate detergents, such as neutral or
slightly acid liquid soaps, and suitable means of cleaning and drying in work
places, such as disposable towels, preferably paper towels but always clean.
It may be useful to use a suitable brush to clean around one’s nails; - cleanse skin frequently during work pauses, before
eating and urinating, use moisturising emollient creams after end-of-shift washing in winter
months, especially persons with dry skin; - do not eat in the garage. - avoid scattering dust and asbestos fibres during
the maintenance of brakes and clutches; - work environments should be well aired and
ventilated; - use of exhaust gas (e.g. CO) extraction system
fitted to vehicle exhaust; - training and information; - health
monitoring only for large-sized garages performing specific activities
and with documented estimate of possible health damage (irritative and
allergic dermatitis due to contact, dorso-lumbar pathologies or disorders,
irritation of respiratory apparatus, carcinogenic risk caused by exposure to
API from used oils. |
1. WORK PHASE : Garage
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 12
Phase no. 6: Garage
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
This activity may be
considered as secondary in service stations. Of stations surveyed, only 6 (5%)
offered this service. When performed with a certain intensity it may however
have an important effect in terms of worker exposure to risk factors. The main
activities performed were found to be the repair of vehicle engines and
mechanical parts, servicing and fine-tuning, level checks and battery charging,
substitution of motor oil, the checking of tyre pressure and tyre replacement.
Some of these activities require the use of pits (activity performed from
below) or hydraulic lifts.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
The following equipment is
used in the garage: screwdrivers, pliers, hammers, grinding wheel, small
drills, portable emery wheel, equipment for loading air conditioning,
recipients under pressure for loading oil, battery chargers, portable electric
lights, hydraulic lifts, portable or fixed tyre pumps, three-phase tyre remover
and vulcaniser, system to extract CO from exhaust pipes, compressors to power
compressed air system, testers, headlight load levellers.
The following are also used:
products for cleaning and degreasing parts (solvents such as turpentine),
universal detergents, lubricants for automatic gears and power steering,
transmissions, differential self-locking devices, motor propulsion, antifreeze
and windscreen detergents.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The
main accident-related risks are:
- being knocked down by vehicles on the move or being
tested;
- injuries to upper limbs due to crushing, cuts,
entanglement through use of manual tools and contact with sharp parts
(screwdrivers, pliers, hammers, grinding machines, small drills, portable emery
wheels, equipment for loading air conditioning, recipients under pressure for
loading oil);
- projection of splinters;
- burns caused by contact with hot parts of engine and
after opening radiator tops (jets of
steam or hot water) or with motor oil;
- injuries caused by open bonnet not correctly
blocked;
- spurts/jets of liquids – acid from batteries,
- slipping and tripping up;
- injuries caused by contact with moving parts of the
engine;
- exploding tyres during checks or substitutions;
- falling in the pit used for repairs from below;
- dorso-lumbar
traumas;
- materials falling from above (from hydraulic lift or
storeroom shelves or packaging);
- electrical risk: electrocution owing to accidental
contact with damaged electric cables, equipment in poor condition, portable electric
lights;
- risk of fire and explosion (inflammable substances).
The main health,
environmental and organisational risks are
- uncomfortable and forced postures;
- handling of engine pieces;
- contact with used motor oils;
- degreasing products for cleaning items (turpentine,
trichloroethylene, petrol);
- possible asbestos fibres when substituting brakes
and clutches;
- vehicle exhaust fumes and gases (tetraethyl lead,
carbon monoxide, benzene and methyl benzenes, hexane, etc.)
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
In the garages of service
stations under observation risks may be considered as low once all preventive,
organisational and procedural measures are in place and implemented. 3 slight
accidents were however recorded for the past 5 years: 1 foreign body in eye, 1
bruised finger, 1 acute backache. No occupational disease was reported or
recorded. In 1997 the following biological monitoring tests were carried out on
12 garage workers: Pb emia, ZPP, HbCO, Urinary Trans-Trans Muconic Acid at the
end of the working shift to assess exposure to exhaust fumes and gases and
petrol vapours: 50% (6 subjects) of HbCO values proved to be above the
biological limit for the general population (although 5 of these subjects were
smokers). Other values were below the BLV.
Cases of irritative or
allergic dermatitis from contact were not encountered.
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter
the risk of accidents are:
- sufficient space and safety for such operations;
- pay attention to moving vehicles;
- signposting and safety notices;
- machinery, tools, equipment installed as recommended
by the manufacturer and used in appropriate fashion, accompanied by instruction
booklet for use;
- fixed or mobile guards for machine tools;
- use of safety goggles;
- adequate procedures
- engine switched off during operations;
- block open bonnet correctly before commencing work
in engine area;
- allow the engine to cool before opening the radiator
top or unscrew it slowly, with due caution, allowing pressure to be released
and using safety gloves;
- adequate and frequent cleaning of floors;
- use of nonslip safety shoes;
- if not strictly necessary, do not work while the engine is switched on,
and do not place hands close to moving parts or to parts that may start moving;
- portable tyre pump conforming to law provisions and
regularly checked;
- compliance with UNI standards for work pits for
vehicles;
- suitable signposting and protection of pits;
- use of suitable aids and equipment to handle heavy
loads;
- use of pedal-operated hydraulic lifts;
- fixed shelving and materials stored in safe
position;
- use of safe and steady ladders;
- declarations of conformity and regular servicing of
hydraulic lifts;
- notices indicating maximum bearing capacity for
vehicle hydraulic lift;
- correct positioning of vehicle on lift, with weight
balanced, gear engaged and
hand brake
pulled;
- care taken with vehicle raising/lowering phases;
- use of wheel-blocking wedges if necessary;
- nobody on board the vehicle when it is on the lift;
- electric installation constructed in workmanlike
fashion (Law. 46/90);
- declaration of earthing system and regular checks
(every two years);
- ASL opinion to obtain licence ;
- observe no-smoking rule and do not use naked flames;
- avoid the formation of explosive mixes;
- Fire Prevention Certificate if required ;
- presence of regularly checked portable or fixed fire
extinguishers (A-B-C);
- training of fire prevention team;
- exits unobstructed.
The main actions to counter
health, environmental and organisational risks are:
- suitable instrumentation and equipment;
- organise work so as to avoid fixed and prolonged
postures;
- adequate work procedures;
- do not exceed weights of 30 kg;
- use of suitable aids;
- use of suitable protective clothing and PPE resistant
to oils (safety gloves, shoes, overalls and aprons)
- avoid keeping oil-imbued cloths in overall pockets;
- avoid cleaning one’s hands with the same cloths or
pieces of paper used to clean pieces or equipment, do not use abrasive pastes,
solvents or emulsions;
- use adequate detergents, such as neutral or slightly
acid liquid soaps, and suitable means of cleaning and drying in work places,
such as disposable towels, preferably paper towels but always clean. It may be
useful to use a suitable brush to clean around one’s nails;
- cleanse skin frequently during work pauses, before
eating and urinating, use moisturising emollient creams after end-of-shift
washing in winter months, especially persons with dry skin;
- do not eat in the garage.
- avoid scattering dust and asbestos fibres during the
maintenance of brakes and clutches;
- work environments should be well aired and
ventilated;
- use exhaust gas (e.g. CO) extraction system that can
be connected to the vehicle’s exhaust;
- training and information;
- health monitoring only for large-sized garages
performing specific activities and with documented estimate of possible health
damage (irritative and allergic dermatitis due to contact, dorso-lumbar
pathologies or disorders, irritation of respiratory apparatus, carcinogenic
risk caused by exposure to polycyclic aromatics from used oils.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
The replacement of tyres and
the balancing and servicing of vehicles are carried out by specialist garages
(with the exception of two service stations). Car body repairs are carried out
by specialist body repair shops.
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
Presidential
Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303/56
Law 691/82
Law 46/90
Legislative Decree 277/91
Law 95/92
Legislative Decree 626/94
Legislative Decree 22/97 and
subsequent amendments.
Legislative Decree 389/97
Presidential Decree 37 of
12.01.1998
M.D. 64 of 10.03.1998
Min. Circular 95.5.1998
Chapter 8 – External risk
There is the possibility of pollution of subsoil,
aquifer strata and waterways if the management of the collection, storage and
disposal of dangerous waste (used batteries, motor oils, solvents) is poor
(Legislative Decree 22/97 – Legislative Decree 389/97 - Law 691/82 Law 95/92)
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE No. 7 |
ACCIDENT RISKS |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY AND
PREVENTION MEASURES |
|
Car wash - Hand wash - Machine wash |
Structural risk - being knocked down by vehicles - slipping. Machinery and installations (automatic car wash with rotating brushes, vacuum
cleaner) - risk of injuries from cuts and jutting and/or
pointed parts of vehicles; - mechanical risk from movement of rotating parts
(automatic car wash); Electrical risk. |
- specific car wash area, with sufficient space and
demarcated; - signposting and safety notices; - area kept free of slippery substances and
obstacles; - vehicles queuing must have their engines turned
off and hand brake on; - use of nonslip shoes/boots; - use of safety gloves and adequate devices to
protect hands during manual car wash
phases; - comply with instructions supplied by manufacturers
of the automatic car wash and vacuum cleaner; (maintenance handbook – CE marking) - correct maintenance and checking of the installation’s
safety systems; - Stop/Emergency button to interrupt the wash cycle
in the event of an emergency; - keep out of the way of moving parts during
automatic washing; - nobody should remain on board the vehicle during
washing operations; - earthing and other devices to protect against
lightning: certification and regular checks; - system connected to automatic cut-out apparatus; - switchboard endowed with switch to cut off power
if door opens. |
Postural risk - incorrect posture when cleaning parts inside
vehicle; Physical risk - noisy automatic car wash installation; (disturbing workers and the local population) - unfavourable microclimate (high- low temperatures,
water temperature for hand washing), Chemical risk - skin and mucous membrane contact with cleaning
products (e.g. potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate +2-Butoxyethanol,
etc.), shampoos, protective tyre polish (diethylene glycol); - inhaling volatile products (sprays) used to clean
windows and inside of vehicles. |
- Procedural and organisational measures; - soundproofing (e.g. semi- or completely-closed
cab), - adequate protective clothing and work equipment; - suitable water temperature (for hand washing) - information and training (product safety and
toxicological datasheets) - use of PPE (safety gloves) - when using volatile products for cleaning the
inside of vehicles, keep the doors open. |
1. WORK PHASE : Car wash
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 56
Phase no. 7: Car wash.
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
This phase is present in 45%
of the Service Stations surveyed, 30% of which possess an automatic car wash
installation. Activity becomes particularly intense in the warmer seasons and
throughout the year at weekends. This phase is usually handled by one or two
workers who also attend fuel pumps. After positioning the vehicle in the wash
area, the member of staff asks the driver to get out the vehicle before turning
on the washing machine. Washing may be limited to external parts only, and upon
request may be completed by hand for the inside of the vehicle with the use of
vacuum cleaner. Protective polish is always used for the visible part of the
tyre rims. A complete car wash takes 20-25 minutes, the external automatic car
wash only 7-10 minutes.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
The following equipment is used in addition to the
automatic car wash using rotating brushes: vacuum cleaners, cloth-squeezing
equipment, sponges, chamois leather or synthetic cloths for drying and
polishing, paintbrush for polishing tyres. Cleaning and washing products used
include shampoos and detergents based on potassium hydroxide (< 2%), sodium
metasilicate +2-Butoxyethanol (10%) and as protective tyre polish a product
containing diethylene glycol with 25% concentration.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The
main accident-related risks are:
Structural risk
- being knocked down by vehicles;
- slipping.
Machinery and installations
(automatic car wash with rotating brushes, vacuum
cleaner)
- risk of injuries from cuts and jutting and/or
pointed parts of vehicles;
- mechanical risk from movement of rotating parts
(automatic car wash);
Electrical risk.
The main health,
environmental and organisational risks are:
Postural risk
- incorrect posture when cleaning parts inside
vehicle;
Physical risk
- noise from automatic car wash, not such as to result
in hearing loss but disturbing for workers (80 Lepd. -dB(A) ) and for the
population)
- unfavourable microclimate (high and low
temperatures, water temperature for hand washing)
Chemical risk
- possibility of slight irritative or allergic
dermatitis, especially due to alteration of the skin’s hydrolipidic film, skin
and mucous membrane contact with cleaning and washing products, such as
detergents (potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate +2-Butoxyethanol,
non-ionic surface-active agents, perfumed essences, etc.), shampoos, protective
tyre polish (diethylene glycol);
- inhaling volatile products (sprays) used to clean
windows and inside of vehicles.
The above risks may be considered as negligible once
relative preventive measures are in place.
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
It is difficult to estimate
likely damage: Relative data is insufficient.
Non occupational disease was
recorded in our survey over the past 5 years, and there were only 2 minor
accidents (a slightly twisted ankle - a small subungual finger wound, with
prognosis of less than 1 day).
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter
the risk of accidents are:
- specific car wash area, with sufficient space and
demarcated;
- signposting and safety notices;
- area kept free of slippery substances and obstacles;
- vehicles queuing must have their engines turned off
and hand brake on;
- use of nonslip shoes/boots;
- use of safety gloves and adequate devices to protect
hands during manual car wash phases;
- comply with use procedures supplied by the
manufacturers of the automatic car wash and vacuum cleaner;
(maintenance handbook – CE marking)
- correct maintenance and checking of the
installation’s safety systems;
- Stop/Emergency button to interrupt the wash cycle in
the event of an emergency;
- keep out of the way of moving parts during automatic
washing;
- nobody on board vehicle during washing operations;
- earthing and other devices to protect against
lightning: certification and regular checks;
- system connected to automatic cut-out apparatus;
- switchboard endowed with switch to cut off power if
the door opens.
The main actions to counter
health, environmental and organisational risks are:
- procedural and organisational measures;
- soundproofing (e.g. semi- or completely closed cab),
- adequate protective clothing and work equipment;
- suitable water temperature (for hand washing)
- information and training (product safety and
toxicological datasheet)
- use of PPE (safety gloves)
- when using volatile products for cleaning the inside
of vehicles, keep the doors open.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
The car wash installation is
maintained by outside firms, usually by the installation’s supplier.
3
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
Presidential
Decree 547/55
Presidential
Decree 303/56
Law 46/90
CEI standards
Legislative Decree 277/91
Legislative Decree 626/94
Legislative Decree 22/97 and
subsequent amendments
Reg. Law 62/85 - art.9
Chapter 8 – External risk
External risks are chiefly
concerned with the possibility of subsoil infiltration and contamination caused
by washwater polluted by car wash dirt and products. In addition to general
municipal permission for the installation, authorisation must be sought from
the local council for the disposal of washwater (wastewater), and sludge
settling tanks or the purifier used to recycle washwater must be regularly
cleaned.
With reference to
noise-related risk when the installation is close to residential areas, noise
generated must be measured and reduced if it exceeds the limits fixed for
residential or mixed areas (municipal acoustic zoning plan).
WORK
PHASE / RISK FACTORS / PREVENTIVE AND SAFETY MEASURES
|
WORK PHASE No. 8 |
ACCIDENT RISKS |
SAFETY AND PREVENTION MEASURES |
HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISATIONAL RISKS |
SAFETY AND
PREVENTION MEASURES |
|||
|
Sale of vehicle/other products - motor oils; - radiator fluids; - windscreen wipers - vehicle air fresheners - other other activities - cafeteria service; - cash desk. |
Structural risks : - knocks owing to lack of space or obstructions; - products falling from shelves; - risk to staff safety from criminals. Risk of fire; - storage of inflammable substances; - Electrical risk ( Law 46/90 – CEI standards) Electrical equipment, VDT, Cash till, Fax machine,
etc. |
- dedicated room with suitable surface and working
space free of obstructions and bulky materials; - materials in order on shelves and in a permanent
state of equilibrium; - antitheft system and contract with Security
Service if open at night; - see that no-smoking rule is observed; - type-approved and regularly checked fire
extinguisher; - fully compliant electric system and earthing; - switchboard located away from product storage area. |
- Postural
risk (cashier); - VDT Physical risks - microclimate inadequate (small-sized room) - lighting inadequate; Pollutants/chemical
risk - staff exposure to passive smoking (cafeteria) |
- training and information; - dedicated room with suitable surface and
sufficient change of air; - ergonomic chair for computer operator - correct positioning of VDTs and lighting and
sufficient Lux (500-700 lux) (DIN standards) - ventilation and air conditioning of room and
cafeteria, or no-smoking rule (art. 2087 of the Civil Code, Legislative
Decree 626/94). - Operating licence Health authority licence Law 283/62, Presidential
Decree 327/80 |
|||
1. WORK PHASE : Sale of vehicle products (lubricant oils, etc.) / Cafeteria Service
2. INAIL CODE :
3. RISK FACTOR : Accident, health, environmental and organisational
4. RISK CODE :
5. NO. WORKERS : 92 / 8 (cafeteria workers)
Phase no. 8: Sale of vehicle/other products
Chapter 1 - WORK PHASE
Activity entailing the sale of vehicle products may be
considered as a marginal phase with reference to exposure to occupational risk
factors. The sales point is usually a dedicated area of the kiosk, which is
already a small-sized part of the Station. In some cases an ad hoc room is
provided, or the sales point is an area of the cafeteria service. In general
the following products are sold: motor oils, radiator fluids, windscreen
wipers, air fresheners, etc. Another
activity is the cafeteria service.
Chapter 2 – Plant, Equipment and Machinery
The main equipment used in
this phase is as follows: counter, product display shelving, personal computer,
fax machine, cash till, espresso coffee machine, microwave oven, toaster.
Chapter 3 - The risk factor
The
main accident-related risks are:
Structural risks :
- knocks owing to lack of space or obstructions;
- products falling from shelves;
- risk to staff safety deriving from criminals.
- Fire risk
- storage of inflammable substances;
- Electrical risk
(Law 46/90 – CEI standards)
Electrical equipment, VDT, Cash till, Fax machine,
etc...
The main health,
environmental and organisational risks are
- Postural risk
(cashier);
- VDT
- microclimate inadequate (small-sized room)
- lighting inadequate;
- Pollutants/chemical
risk (cafeteria staff exposure to passive smoking) .
Chapter 4 - Likely damage
Potential damage in this
phase derives chiefly from the risk of robbery and cafeteria staff exposure to
passive cigarette smoking (relative risk 2 compared with workers not exposed to
passive smoking). No accident or occupational disease has been reported or
recorded in the Stations surveyed over the past 5 years.
Chapter 5 - Actions
The main actions to counter
the risk of accidents are:
- dedicated room with suitable surface and work space
and free of obstructions and bulky materials;
- materials in order on shelves and in a permanent
state of equilibrium;
- antitheft system and contract with Security Service
if open at night;
- see that no-smoking rule is observed;
- type-approved and regularly checked fire
extinguisher;
- fully compliant electric system and earthing;
- switchboard located away from product storage area.
The main actions to counter
health, environmental and organisational risks are:
- training and information;
- dedicated room with suitable surface and sufficient
change of air;
- ergonomic chair for computer operator;
- correct positioning of VDTs and lighting and
sufficient Lux (500-700 lux) (DIN standards);
- ventilation and air conditioning of room and
cafeteria, or no-smoking rule (art. 2087 of the Civil Code, Legislative Decree
626/94);
- Operating licence;
- Health authority licence Law 283/62, Presidential
Decree 327/80.
Chapter 6 - Outsourcing
Cleaning and security firms.
Legislative Decree 626/94
art. 7)
Chapter 7 - Reference legislation
Presidential
Decree 547/55
Presidential Decree 303/56
Legislative Decree 626/94
Law 283/62, Presidential
Decree 327/80.
Chapter 8 – External risk
No external risk if waste
from catering activity (cafeteria) is managed correctly.