european occupational profile

Safety check list for

forging, stamping, drop forging, metal profiling, and (applied) powder metallurgy

NACE Code: 28.4

This checklist is intended for small companies and is directed especially at small forges, and small stamping, drop forging and metal profiling workshops as well as (applied) powder metallurgy workshops, whether independent (SME) or part of larger organisations.

Table of contents

Introduction: Why a safety list? 3

Procedure: 3 parts 3

Step by step plan 3

Part 1 : Summary of employees and their activities. 4

Part 2 : The checklist: explanations 5

Mechanical safety 6

Moving mechanical parts 6

Machine and equipment safety 6

Hired equipment 6

Mechanical lifting 7

Uncontrolled movement 7

Hazardous surfaces 7

Tools 7

Transport safety 8

External transport (on the public highway) 8

Internal transport (on site) 8

Parking spaces for personnel 9

Garage and materials storage 9

Electrical safety 10

Electrical installations 10

Low voltage Power supply 10

High voltage 10

Chemical safety 11

Substances: Risk Inventory and Assessment (RIA) 11

Emission, dispersion, contact with hazardous substances 12

Exposure risk 12

Biological Safety 14

Biological agents: Micro-organisms 14

Fire and explosion 15

Fire 15

Explosion 16

Falls 17

Personnel falls 17

Falling equipment, materials, loads 17

Physical safety 18

Full body vibration, 18

Hand / arm vibration, 18

Work and working postures 18

Loads 18

Noise 18

Contact with heat 18

Contact with cold 19

Environment 19

Lighting 19

Communal facilities 19

Radiation 19

Electromagnetic fields (emg) 19

Health 20

Occupational diseases and industrial accidents 20

Stress 21

Relational stress / Human factors 21

VDU work 21

First-aid 21

Organisation, policy and environment 22

Health and safety 22

Machine, equipment and product purchases 22

Access to premises / Surveillance / Protection / Security 22

Work with third parties 22

Order and cleanliness 22

Permits / authorisations 22

Instructions to workers (training) 23

Collective and individual protective equipment (IPE) 23

Personnel motivation / Human factors 23

Emergencies – First-aid 24

Signature and details of the author 25

Part 3 : Useful Addresses 26

introduction

Why a safety list?

Of all companies, it is in the small ones that the repercussions of sickness, accidents or an incident are the greatest. The loss of a single machine or the temporary unfitness for work of an employee has a significant effect on the productivity and efficiency of the entire organisation. Small businesses must face up to losses with fewer resources and personnel than the large ones …

The causes of losses are usually attributable to unsafe and unhealthy situations at work. In order to avert them, it is very important to know what the at-risk areas in your company are. You can track down risks and hazards by means of a Risk Inventory and Assessment (RIA). Once they are known, you can avert them or at least reduce them through appropriate measures. In this way, the likelihood of loss or injury is reduced.

This checklist is a basic document for the chief executive wanting to improve health and safety in his workplace. Using this list together with staff, you will develop towards a more competitive and efficient position. In order to provide the assurance of a safe and healthy environment, the legislators have made it mandatory for employers to carry out a risk assessment (89/391/EEC). This checklist does not relieve you from this obligation, but it is a means of making it easier to meet the legal stipulations. The checklist does not assume any prior special theoretical knowledge. This means that it can simply be used by anyone in the trade. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to consult the competent persons or authorities. (See useful addresses at the end).

Procedure: 3 parts

The checking principle is simple but in order to conduct it properly and fully you must make a few hours available. It is best to go through the entire booklet first section by section, to fill them in after having read the whole and to finalise it as one.

Part 1

Part one includes a table indicating workers, activities, and known hazards. It will enable you to gain a better overall view of the business, the various jobs and the hazards to be averted using the document ("Action to be taken").

Part 2

Part two contains the checklist as such. The list is subdivided into 4 columns and deals with around ten aspects in sections. Column 1 "Possible problems" shows a list of the various items requiring attention which are dealt with in column 2 "Questions and Hints". These questions are not exhaustive. It is possible that certain questions can be eliminated or others, on the contrary, added for your business. You can adapt the list yourself to your specific circumstances. Column 3 "Action to be taken" gives a number of solutions to problems found. A * sign indicates important items about which personnel must be informed. The black dot (l) is ticked if there is room for improvement and if any additional action is necessary. If the situation is under control and does not require any action, then the white dot (¡) is ticked. Where the subject does not apply, leave column 4 blank.

Important problems in the trade are marked with the "L" symbol.

Particularly effective measures are marked with a "J".

Part 3

Part 3 contains useful addresses for information, advice and / or additional literature.

Step by step plan

In the next step you draw up a list of problems found according to the extent of their repercussions on safety / health. Match them to the action to be taken, a person responsible and a deadline. If required, you can give greater detail (e.g. available budget). In prioritising problem items, take the following criteria into consideration:

· Risk elimination takes precedence over risk reduction

· Collective measures take precedence over individual measures

· A large risk will take precedence over a limited risk

· A small budget with a substantial result is better than a large budget with a poor result.

By thus dealing with problems systematically, you will work progressively towards improved safety policy in your business and ultimately towards improving its performance.

PART 1 :

Summary of employees and their activities.

Employee	Main activity	Main risk	h/day	Secondary activity	Secondary risk	h/day	Details ^(1)
E.g. Pierre F.	lift truck driver	back disorders	6	maintenance	dermatosis	2	specific training
Ex. Eric V.	electrician	electrocution	8				temporary worker

⁽¹⁾ Are the employees qualified for the job? (lift truck drivers, electricians, etc.)

Has the work been properly distributed among the workforce?

Does the employee's health enable him to do this job?

Are there at risk groups working: temporary workers, working students, trainees, youngsters, pregnant women, disabled persons?

PART 2 :

Action indicated with the * symbol is to be the subject of an explanatory meeting for the benefit of employees.

The questions and hints should help you better to locate the problem and assess the risks.

The checklist: explanations

¡ : in order, under control

n : not in order, to be improved

Mechanical safety

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Moving mechanical parts	¨ Are there machines with unprotected moving parts?	¨ Moving parts to be covered. Recently purchased machines must be CE marked J	¡ n ¡ n
L	¨ Is it possible to be in the danger area while the machine is in motion?	¨ Prohibit access to the danger area to unqualified persons * Hazardous areas to be clearly established. ¨ Audible warning for machines and vehicles while reversing.	¡ n ¡ n ¡ n
Machine safety	¨ Is the driver adequately protected? ¨ Is there an emergency stop button on each machine? ¨ Is the stock of machines regularly maintained?	¨ Use only machines provided with adequate protection and signs and markings. ¨ Fit an emergency stop button to each machine. ¨ Provide periodic and preventive maintenance for the machines. Update the maintenance and upkeep booklets for the machines, including irregularities. Perform a daily visual check of the machine before * starting work. Notify and (order) repair (of) any fault as soon as possible. *	¡ n ¡ n ¡ n ¡ n ¡ n ¡ n

Mechanical safety

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Moving mechanical parts	¨ Are there machines with unprotected moving parts (presses, drive belts, chains, etc.)?	¨ Tools and machines acquired after 1.1.1995 must be CE marked. J Cover moving parts. The machine must not start without safety devices: 2 handed controls, etc.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
L	¨ Is it possible to be in the danger area while the machine is in motion?	¨ Prohibit access to the danger area by unauthorised persons * Hazardous areas to be clearly marked off (safety screens, etc.). Audible warming for machines and vehicles while reversing. Special care under certain circumstances (repairs, cleaning, maintenance, etc.)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
		¨ Beware, among other things of hot bloom emerging from the furnace!	¡ l
Machine and equipment safety	¨ Is the operator adequately protected?	¨ Use only machines which are fitted with adequate protection and markings.	¡ l
	¨ Is there an emergency stop button on each machine?	¨ Fit an emergency stop button to each machine.	¡ l
	¨ Is the stock of machines regularly maintained?	¨ Provide periodic and preventive maintenance for the machines, presses, among others (couplings, etc.) Update the maintenance and upkeep booklets for the machines, including irregularities. Perform a daily visual check of the machine before starting work. * Notify and (order) repair (of) any fault as soon as possible. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are certain machines checked and marked? lifting machinery: mechanisms, structures, + overhead cranes + safety belts lifting tackle and special equipment pressure vessels and steam plant electrical systems ...................................................	¨ Apply to the competent authority for periodic checks. annually for lifting machinery: mechanisms, structures. + overhead cranes + safety belts. every 3 months for lifting tackle and sundry special equipment. see (Fire and) Explosion. see Electrical safety. ...................................................	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are machine operators trained? Has improper start-up been made impossible?	¨ Workers to be schooled and trained * to prevent any improper start-up, among other things. Safety instructions to be written in the operators' language.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Avoid any improper use of equipment.	¨ Provide training and instructions.	¡ l
	¨ Is the design of the control panel safe?	¨ Design controls to prevent any specific hazard for the operator.	¡ l
	¨ Are there machines which are difficult to handle?	¨ Adapt the equipment to the operator (Ergonomics).	¡ l
Hired equipment	¨ Does the equipment hired meet safety stipulations?	¨ CE marking to be required, among other things, in the hire contract. Review instructions and operator's manual before starting work. Use only equipment fitted with the necessary safety devices. Ask the hirer for the latest test certificate.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Does the workforce have adequate knowledge and training to work safely with the equipment hired?	¨ Only allow competent persons to operate hired equipment.	¡ l
Mechanical lifting	¨ Is the equipment (overhead cranes, blocks & tackle, cranes, lift trucks, chains, hooks, wire ropes, slings, etc.) in order?	Check the approved machine visually every day before operating *	¡ l
	¨ Have the operators been trained?	¨ Train the operators, among other things to: * · limit the operating speed of lifting machinery · keep unauthorised persons away from lifting machinery * · avoid ever passing under loads * · display and observe the safe working load of machines. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Uncontrolled movement L	¨ Is it possible for objects to move out of control? · banding · compressed air lines, cables, wires · swinging loads · high pressure jets (water, air, etc.) · stacked loads dropping · splashing, flashes, etc.	¨ Check objects for movement and load capacity J * · place reels of strapping in unwinders training for banding: working position, splashes, etc. J * · do not allow them to lie about: provide a reel * · brace loads of the same shape and weight · prevent hoses from rubbing and leaking fluid · limit stacking height (e.g. a maximum of 1.50 m) · stabilise components · protect personnel against splashing, flashes, etc. (IPE below)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Hazardous surfaces L	¨ Is there a danger of being cut? Are there blades, corners, points: sheet metal, cutting tools, edges of bins, etc.?	¨ Cover to prevent cutting J Put pointed / sharp objects away after use. Use the IPE below.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Tools	¨ Is the equipment in good condition (suitable, robust, etc.)?	¨ Replace broken or worn equipment in good time. Check hand tools regularly: pliers, hammers, screwdrivers, etc. ¨ Use collective and individual protective equipment with a CE mark: J · enclosures, screens, etc. · safety footwear · safety helmet · face screen against UV and IR or aluminised hood against heat · safety spectacles with side screens against UV and IR · stout and heat insulating gloves · appropriate clothing without asbestos, aluminised against heat	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are ponderous hand tools appropriate?	¨ Reduce the weight of tools (dies, banding machines, etc.) by suspending them from a rewind pulley.	¡ l

Transport safety

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
External transport (on the public highway)	¨ Is transport of personnel and equipment on the road to work effected safely?	¨ Check the condition of vehicles regularly. Provide for periodic preventive maintenance and immediate repair of faults. Carry equipment and personnel separately. All vehicles to be properly and adequately marked.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Do all drivers of mobile plant have the required driving licences?	¨ Check drivers' licences and their abilities. · driver of a company vehicle + colleagues: medical selection · driver of a minibus with a seating capacity in excess of 9 persons: D licence · driver of other vehicles of more than 3.5 tonnes: C licence	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Internal transport (on site) L - fork lift trucks - pallet trucks - machines - cars - pickup trucks - lorries - ........................... - workers - customers - visitors - pedestrians - cyclists - ........................... - equipment - materials - ...........................	¨ Is loading / unloading handled professionally and carried out on site?	¨ Loading and unloading to be carried out appropriately J * If possible loading / unloading area to be marked off properly * Activities on the public highway to be clearly marked * Use means of protection (such as tyres) for loading / unloading heavy plant Enable lorry drivers to exit	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is traffic organised?	¨ Furnaces to be close to presses to cut down transport of hot parts. Separate working and traffic areas Maintain entrances / exits Clear obstacles from aisles Maintain and, if necessary, reinforce roadways	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ In order? · road surface · crossings and aisles · markings (including for third parties) · visibility · hazardous areas · tidiness and cleanliness · access	¨ Fill holes, replace loose and broken slabs. ¨ Clear and clean aisles and crossings (by at least 80 cm). * ¨ Apply suitable markings ¨ Position mirrors, eliminate redundant vegetation, walls, etc. ¨ Clearly mark hazardous areas. ¨ Eliminate waste matter and refuse. ¨ Permit only authorised personnel to operate transport equipment. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are the drivers trained?	¨ Train drivers	¡ l
	¨ Are certain means of transport misused?	¨ Use means of transport appropriately.	¡ l
	¨ Can transport cause any hazards?	¨ Transport may not cause any hazards.	¡ l
	¨ Is the means of transport in order?	¨ Visually inspect the machine daily before operating *	¡ l
	¨ Are there hazardous situations as a result of overloading the means of transport?	¨ Display and observe safe loading and lifting capacities on the means of transport. *	¡ l
	¨ Is there separation between pedestrians and transport?	¨ Prohibit access of unauthorised persons to the transport area *	¡ l
	¨ Does the driver have sufficient visibility?	¨ Fit additional mirrors to vehicles to eliminate any blind spots. Consider fitting a CCTV system to large vehicles.	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Can the vehicle be emptied easily?	¨ Provide the necessary equipment to facilitate unloading. As of purchasing, take account of all operations to be performed with the vehicle including loading / unloading / cleaning.	¡ l ¡ l
Parking spaces for personnel.	¨ Are parking spaces provided for personnel?	¨ Parking spaces to be provided for personnel.	¡ l
Garage and materials storage L	¨ Are the garage and warehouse entrances / exits in order?	¨ Improve visibility at the garage exit. · position mirrors · eliminate vegetation · exit to public highway to be clearly indicated. · ...............................................................	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Space, markings, air changes in the garage and warehouse?	¨ Mark off the parking area. Provide sufficient crossings. Set out clear markings (including for third parties) Provide storage space for materials. Ventilation system to be installed in the garages for adequate ventilation. (Danger of fatal CO poisoning!) J	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Surfaces, order, cleanliness, etc., garage, warehouse traffic areas?	¨ Fill holes and replace broken slabs. Eliminate oil and other waste legally and appropriately * Eliminate spillages legally and appropriately * .......................................................................................	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l

Electrical safety

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Electrical installations	¨ Is the power rating of the existing mains supply matched to the equipment?	¨ Match the mains supply to the equipment used.	¡ l
	¨ Is equipment subject to static electricity problems earthed?	¨ Earth equipment subject to static electricity problems. J	¡ l
L	¨ Are there sufficient safety devices: mains protection, automatic earth leakage circuit breaker, fuses, generator insulation, ................................................................................... ?	¨ Provide the necessary safety circuit breakers. Use a safe voltage (24V). Use a stamped hermetically sealed electrical cabinet. Mobile equipment to be checked.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is electrical equipment and wiring, plugs, terminals, leads and power sockets in order? Are they checked periodically? Are they subject to thermal imaging annually? Are they sealed? ¨ Is the electrical cabinet in prefect order?	¨ Carry out periodic checks, including annual thermal imaging of the following: · electrical equipment used · leads · cable sheaths · sealed wiring (CTMB-N, CTFB-N, H07RN-F,…) · sealed sockets · sealed electrical cabinet · raised and insulated generators. · ................................................................................ Replace defective equipment (cables, plugs, sockets, etc.).	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Low voltage Power supply	¨ Is contact with underground or overhead power lines possible?	¨ Look up the construction records and the routing of conduits. Protect and / or mark existing lines which cannot be removed.	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is the power supply to emergency equipment (lighting, etc.) separate?	¨ Emergency equipment (lighting, etc.) to have a separate power supply. Look up the construction records for further information.	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is the power supply checked periodically?	¨ Have it checked by a competent authority as follows: · for low voltage and areas at risk from explosion: every 5 years + during any alteration. · for high voltage: annually.	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is equipment suited to its environment as regards moisture, fumes and dust?	¨ Replace equipment unsuited to its environment.	¡ l
L	¨ Are special safety structures suitable for: · the environmental conditions · the fire and explosion risks?	¨ Draw up / obtain special safety instructions, including via the fire brigade and insurers (fire, etc.): · for the environment: moisture, fumes, dust. · for fire / explosion risks. · Ex intrinsically safe equipment, etc. J	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
High voltage L	¨ Is work carried out in the vicinity of (a) high voltage (room).	Fit proper protection for high voltage equipment J	¡ l

Chemical safety

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems		Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Substances	L	¨ Is there an inventory record of substances in use and on site, with a Risk Inventory and Assessment (RIA)? ¨ Is there an RIA at least for the 8 main categories of dangerous substances or Hazardous Substances and Preparations (HSP): · as regards fire and explosion? 1) explosives (E) 2) extremely and easily inflammable (F+, F) 3) combustive or causing fire · as regards health? 4) (very) toxic (T+, T) 5) noxious (Xn) 6) corrosive or etching (chemical burns) (C) 7) irritants (Xi) · environmentally? 8) dangerous to the environment (air, water, sun) (N) ¨ Are provisions observed in respect of monitoring (taking readings, observance of VL limit values, storage, use / handling, transport, waste treatment and first aid?	¨ Draw up a "hazardous substances" inventory record with RIA. This record will include the following, among other things, for each product: J · Label · (Health and) Safety leaflet (FDS or MSDS) · Safety instructions leaflet (FIS) · Transport safety leaflet (FST or TREMCARD) · Quantity · Required authorisations or permits · Method and location of storage · Treatment of its waste · Inventory of asbestos · .............................................. ¨ Follow the instructions in the inventory record with the RIA regarding: * · monitoring / observance of limit values · storage: rooms which comply and are set aside for the purpose, etc. · use / handling · internal and external transport (see also Transport Safety) · disposal of hazardous waste through an approved merchant · disposal of non hazardous waste in accordance with current regulations · first aid (see Organisation, etc.) If in doubt, check with the supplier or a competent authority. See useful addresses at the end. Check the condition of substances at regular intervals (labelling, containers, etc.) * including those for decanting. Use a special siphon for the latter. * Restrict amounts stored at points of use to a day's supply. Avoid contaminated equipment (including IPE) and instruments. Close the container hermetically after use. After transfer or dilution, label the new container fully, clearly and indelibly (=user's responsibility, not supplier's!). * If possible, avoid any dangerous reaction In the event of contact, rinse abundantly with water!	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
- fuels: diesel, petrol, heavy oil, fuel oil, natural gas, ......................... - oils: mineral - fibres: asbestos, ceramic, etc. - solvents: chlorinated, non-chlorinated - cleaning products: detergents - paints, varnishes ................................. - adhesives: ................................. - pesticides: ................................. - heavy metals, etc.: Ca, Al, Fe, Mn - acids: ................................. - alkalis: ................................. - fumes / gasses: CO, smoke, exhaust gasses ................................. - miscellaneous: antibacterial additives (oils): nitrosamines .................................
Emission, dispersion, contact with hazardous substances Ù Exposure risk L		¨ Has the risk been eliminated at source using alternative solutions, substitution (replacement) of SPD, etc.?	¨ Use a purified or less hazardous substitute or replacement product ("clean safe and healthy product or process") J For example, a solvent to be replaced by water, a propane / butane aerosol (F+) by another using air, nitrogen or any other non flammable gas. ¨ Restrict dispersion and concentration of the substance (warning: dilute by pouring the substance into water and not the opposite!). * ¨ Keep (hyper) sensitive workers away via the medical screening department or adapt the work station to avoid exposure (Ergonomics)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
		¨ Is the risk restricted through confinement, particularly for Discontinuous Hazardous Operations: · cleaning, maintenance, repairs, etc. · opening, closing, · filling, loading, unloading, etc. · spraying, boiling, evaporation, etc. · working in a confined space (asphyxiation !) · leaking and overflowing ·	¨ Use closed circuit operation without exposure J · Closed vessels, fully sealed · Recycling, etc., solvents sealed in, etc. · Automation, etc. ¨ Limit duration and frequency of exposure. ¨ Limit the number of workers exposed. ¨ Compressed air mask and outside rescuer for work in a confined space! J ¨ Appropriate absorption / neutralisation material (possibly kit) (never sawdust!)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
		¨ Is collective protection equipment used systematically?	¨ Avoid dangerous reactions (for (F) and (O), acids and alkalis, etc. * separate storage, safety containers, screens, etc.). ¨ Evaluate exposure against limit values (monitoring) and cleanse the workplace, among other things, through local ventilation / extraction.	¡ l ¡ l
		¨ Are the following applied in practice and systematically?: · hygiene measures · information · documentation · training? ¨ Is Individual Protection Equipment (IPE) made available as required and actually used on site?	¨ Never eat, drink or smoke at the workplace * ¨ Check compliance with labels (decanting!) and instruction sheets. * ¨ Arrange "prevention of chemical risks" practical information sessions. * ¨ Special care with hazardous gasses / fumes / dust / waste and containers. * ¨ Provide and verify actual use of appropriate IPE: * · waterproof clothing · gloves (with sleeves) · suitable masks (with appropriate filters) · safety spectacles (with side screens) · face shield · safety footwear · special equipment · ...............................	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
L		¨ Forges · According to the nature of the furnace, possibility of fatal CO emission!	· Controlled CO detection J · fully effective extraction system for furnace smoke · controlled ventilation of the room * · CO mask available.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
		¨ Drop forging / stamping / Profiling · Mineral oils § Spraying § Machine tools	· Controlled spraying against metal parts · machine to be enclosed · suitable and controlled extraction of oil mist * · airless spraying, spray gun, etc. checked and on non-working days · room to be ventilated * · have operators wear suitable masks · recovery of waste oil by approved dealer · verify the absence of bacterial contamination (see Biological safety)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
		¨ Pressurised oil	· Avoid the risk of subcutaneous spray	¡ l
		¨ Powder metallurgy · nature of powders used? § calcium carbide § ferrosilicon § ferromanganese § alumina § ................... · Heat treatment (sintering): According to the nature of the powder and its degree of purity, emission of: - Silicon SiO2 - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (PAHs), carcinogenic! - SOX (SO2, SO3), toxic - hydrogen sulphide (H2S), toxic - CO, fatal! - carcinogenic fibres - heavy metals, toxic (Cr, Ni, etc.: carcinogenic)	· Be aware of the composition of powders (Manufacturer's safety sheet, etc.) J · controlled ventilation * · suitable and controlled extraction of smoke * · appropriate masks available · atmosphere to be monitored: measure C concentrations of pollutants in the air and compare against Limit Values for Occupational Exposure (VLEP): if C > VLEP: cleanse urgently! See general regulations above.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l

Biological Safety

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Biological agents: Micro-organisms - viruses - bacteria - moulds - parasites L	¨ Are certain "micro-organism nests" regularly maintained, cleaned and checked? · in air conditioning units (offices, etc.)? · in communal rooms (kitchens, canteen, washrooms, storage of perishables, sanitary facilities, etc.)? · in biological filtration of waste water?	¨ Provide for strict periodic and preventive maintenance, cleaning and inspection in the following divisions and / or equipment: J * · air conditioning unit(s) · humidifier(s) (for instance reducing relative humidity by x %) · water tanks(s) · filter(s) · air intakes · ducting · kitchen(s) · canteen(s) · sanitary facilities · food stores · biological processes (filtration of waste water, etc.)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are surveillance and medical prevention being practised with regard to biological agents and · the risk of infection of wounds, injuries, etc.? · the risk of allergies to micro-organisms? · the risk of poisoning through toxins?	¨ The following prevention methods to be adopted in collaboration with the company doctor / medical service: · general prevention (through "biohazard" signs, among other things) * · supervision (through maintenance, cleaning, inspection, among others) * · strict hygiene * · vaccination: to be compulsory against tetanus (wounds) · medical observation in respect of biological agents and - the risk of infection of wounds, injuries, etc.: to be disinfected! - the risk of allergy - the risk of poisoning · competent authority to be notified (Health and Safety)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Cutting oils: possible: · bacterial contamination · obsolescence · stagnation · lack of maintenance · allergy to certain nitrosamines	¨ Use a cutting oil with an antibacterial agent: nitrosamine, etc. Renew it at regular intervals Avoid stagnation Ensure preventive and periodic maintenance are carried out Keep those who are allergic to nitrosamines away from any contact with cutting oil	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l

Fire and explosion

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Fire L	¨ Are there fire detection, alarm and extinguishing facilities?	¨ Install fire detection, alarm and extinguishing facilities including following the stipulations of the fire brigade and fire insurers: J · hydrants · hose reels · extinguishers · sprinklers · .......................	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are the premises partitioned where necessary?	¨ Partition the premises where necessary. J Install extraction, refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, dryers and other large consumers of electricity outside workplaces. Restrict explosive (E), inflammable, (F) and combustive (O) substances in a separate room. * Fit suitable fireproof doors and walls. J	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are the escape routes in order?	¨ Clear and clean escape routes and emergency exits. *	¡ l
	¨ Are there evacuation plans?	¨ Provide pictograms and evacuation plans.	¡ l
	¨ Does the workforce have its attention drawn to fire prevention?	¨ Draw up fire alert and alarm procedures, apply and monitor them with instruction sheets, information sessions and evacuation exercises. *	¡ l
	¨ If possible, avoid potential sources of ignition in respect of the workforce.	¨ Collect greasy and dirty rags in metal waste bins with covers. * Generalise mandatory and recommended no smoking. * Do not create sparks or naked flames needlessly. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is flame cutting, welding, etc., equipment used?	¨ Take the necessary fire prevention precautions and monitor them. J Enforce fire permits strictly, including for third parties! * Remove inflammable and combustive substances located in the vicinity. Place extinguishers to hand. Provide appropriate protective clothing (consult the supplier and competent authority).	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are the gas cylinder regulators approved? Is there an anti-flashback device on acetylene and other cylinders?	¨ Use only approved regulators. Fit an anti-flashback device to the acetylene and other cylinders.	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are there any gas cylinders on their sides or not secured? Are some cylinders exposed to the heat of the sun and other sources? Are the cylinders stored outside and under cover?	¨ Only use gas cylinders vertical and secured. * Avoid exposing containers to shock and sources of heat (including the sun). * Store cylinders outside and under cover. * Separate full cylinders from empty ones. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is heating and supplementary heating protected against fire and do they meet legal requirements (burners, boilers, chimneys, etc.)?	¨ Have the heating checked and maintained regularly (this also saves energy and money!) Have the chimney swept. Retain certificates carefully.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Static electricity hazard (ES)?	¨ Ensure equipment at risk from static electricity is earthed: containers with agitated liquid, etc. J Obtain antistatic footwear and ensure it is worn. *	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is fire considered to be a major accident risk?	¨ Give special attention to fire hazards as major accident risks. J Use (install, if necessary) fire resistant equipment.	¡ l ¡ l
Explosion L	¨ Are there any pressure vessels? Is there a compressor? Anything else?	¨ Arrange for statutory checks on pressure vessels J · pressure vessel £ 300 litres and fixed gas tank: every 5 years · start-up tank (engines) and safety valves: every 10 years · mobile gas tanks: according to the type of gas · LPG cylinders: before each refill · CO2 extinguishing cylinders: annually · steam generators: according to type · compressed air tanks: every day! · ..............................................................	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are explosive (E) substances and / or mixtures avoided (or at least restricted)?	¨ Avoid or at least restrict (E) substances and / or mixtures	¡ l
	¨ Are explosive (E), inflammable (F) and combustive (O) substances stored separately?	¨ Store (E), (F) and (O) substances separately. * Store acetylene, helium (E and F) and oxygen (O) cylinders separately. *	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are explosions considered to be a major accident risk?	¨ Give special attention to the risk of explosions as a major accident risk. J ¨ Use (install, if necessary) Ex intrinsically safe equipment.	¡ l ¡ l

Falls

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Personnel falls L	¨ Is protection against falls practised?	¨ Place guarding and markings around: J · cavities · significant inclines · holes in the floor · .................................. Use guarding to prevent personnel falls if no screen can be put in place................................. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Can people fall, slip, stumble or simply strain themselves as a result of: · cluttered, dirty, slippery aisles and floors · cavities or holes in the floor · a poor subfloor · the weather (wet, frozen floor) · raised workplaces · working overhead · parts, materials, etc., lying about · unsuitable foot wear.	¨ Provide: · unobstructed and clean aisles * · continuous flooring · a proper subfloor · anti-slip safety footwear * · proper railings or guarding · protection against falls (in all cases above 2 m height) * · proper warehouses and workshops properly checked. * · suitable safety footwear *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are ladders in good condition?	¨ Use ladders with non-slip feet. * Check ladders periodically * Place ladders at the correct angle *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are stairs in good condition?	¨ Check, maintain and repair stairs. Fit handrail and nosing to stairs.	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is scaffolding in good condition?	¨ Check the stability and soundness of scaffolding at regular intervals. Anchor scaffolding if possible.	¡ l ¡ l
Falling equipment, materials, loads L	¨ Is it possible for loads, equipment, materials, etc. to fall during transport in a warehouse or workshop?	¨ Ensure stable transport (tie down loads if possible) * Attach loads, equipment, materials, etc. all over J * Wear a [safety] helmet in warehouses, workshops, etc. * Do not allow persons to walk under loads. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l

Physical safety

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Full body vibration, L	¨ Do certain workers require to remain sitting for long periods in machinery or vehicles? · lorries · fork lift trucks · ..................................	¨ Place shockproof vibration damping seats in machines and vehicles. J Investigate the possibility of setting up a job rota (driver / attendant, etc. roles). Check vibration control when purchasing new equipment.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Significant vibration around machines?	¨ Apply a floor covering to dampen vibration around machinery.	¡ l
Hand / arm vibration, L	¨ Are tools used which expose the worker to vibration (drills, punches, etc.)?	¨ Use and maintain equipment properly: balance grinders, etc. J * ¨ Consider introducing job rotation.	¡ l ¡ l
Work and working postures L	¨ Is heavy manual work carried out? ¨ Does it involve difficult working postures? · hunched for extended periods · repetitive action	¨ Avoid heavy manual work as far as possible J ¨ Provide information on proper working posture and use of tools suited to a given task.	¡ l ¡ l
Loads L	¨ Do heavy loads require to be handled? · lifting loads · emptying / filling bins and the like. ¨ See also Transport Safety: Internal transport.	¨ Use equipment: pallet / fork lift trucks, sack barrows, etc. * Fit handles to bins Reduce lifting heights, weights, etc., etc. Raise working surfaces, cabinets, etc. Provide training and information on back saving techniques. J	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Noise L	¨ Are workers exposed to a great deal of noise? · forging · drop forging · stamping · profiling · extractors, extraction · banding · presses, sheet metal work, etc.	¨ Apply sound deadening and noise screens where possible and >85 dB(A) J in any event: · machine encapsulation · noise screens · appropriate individual hearing protection: ear defenders (plugs?) * · regular equipment maintenance * · acoustic isolation (matter of weight!)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Does the noise mask danger signals (e.g. fire alarm)?	¨ Use danger warnings, both visual as well as audible where possible.	¡ l
Contact with heat L	¨ Risk of burning when working with heat sources: · naked flames · hot surfaces · liquids / fumes /steam / gasses · supplementary heating	¨ If possible, avoid naked flames and the like J Carefully cover and insulate heat sources (+ savings!): · naked flames · hot surfaces · liquids / fumes /steam / gasses · supplementary heating	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Heat conducting tools?	¨ Provide non heat conducting mechanical and manual tools.	¡ l
	¨ Is the appropriate IPE being used?	Use the appropriate IPE: gloves, footwear, clothing, etc.: Mechanical safety *	¡ l
	¨ Is the presence of unauthorised persons in the vicinity avoided?	¨ Presence of unauthorised persons in the vicinity to be avoided.	¡ l
Contact with cold L	¨ Risk of frostbite, and the like when working with cold sources: · cryogenic liquids · refrigeration plant, etc.	¨ Carefully cover and insulate cold sources (+ energy and monetary savings!): · cryogenic liquids · refrigeration plant, etc. Use the appropriate IPE (gloves, footwear, insulating clothing, etc.)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Environment	¨ Is work carried out under extreme conditions? · great heat · cold · rain · draughts	¨ Work flexible hours to avoid extreme conditions + rest J * Provide air changes (fans, etc.) and cabs Provide heating Provide for air to be renewed and adequate relative humidity (40 – 70%). ¨ Provide suitable clothing Make windbreaks available. Supply beverages as required (hot or cold, according to circumstances).	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Lighting	¨ Is there adequate and appropriate lighting everywhere (intensity, contrast, colour rendering, etc.)?	¨ Install adequate and appropriate lighting. Special areas in particular to be lit (stairs, stores, exteriors, repairs, maintenance, confined spaces, etc.). Avoid dazzle on entry / exit from rooms.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is there emergency lighting?	¨ Install and regularly test emergency lighting.	¡ l
	¨ Is there a risk of explosion? (See Fire, etc.)	¨ Install Ex intrinsically safe lighting where there is a risk of explosion.	¡ l
Communal facilities	¨ Is there a canteen, changing rooms, washrooms and sanitary facilities?	¨ Communal facilities to be clean, accessible and safe · canteen · changing room(s) · washrooms · sanitary facilities	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are the facilities clean and hygienic?	¨ Facilities to be cleaned regularly (daily) Hot water supply to be placed outside the washroom (fatal CO risk!). Provide proper ventilation of the facilities. Have heating and hot water supply maintained and adjusted regularly by an approved tradesman. Retain certificates carefully.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Radiation L	¨ Is work carried out using ionising or non-ionising radiation.	¨ Ensure there is suitable protection (screens and robust IPE of appropriate material: * anti UV / IR spectacles, face mask apron, etc.) against: J · UV rays · laser rays · IR rays	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Electromagnetic fields (emg)	Is work being carried out in or using emg fields?	¨ Provide appropriate protection against: · surrounding high voltages · large magnetic fields · high frequency fields	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l

Health

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Occupational diseases and industrial accidents L	¨ Do employees suffer from occupational diseases? 1) Closed system, with list: · (specific) chemical agents, (poisoning, asphyxia, etc.) · skin diseases or dermatoses (contact eczema, allergies, etc.) · dust inhalation (respiratory ailments: asbestosis, silicosis, allergy, etc.) · infections (biological agents) (legionellosis, tetanus, etc.) · physical agents (vibration, noise and occupational deafness, pressure, etc.) 2) Open system, without list: · MSA (Musculoskeletal disorders: back pains, tendinitis, arthroses) · other:.....................	¨ Occupational diseases and industrial accidents are signs of a deficiency in the organisation, protective equipment and / or personnel training. Together with the external safety and accident prevention service, conduct a survey and draw up a record of industrial accidents and occupational diseases. Based on this, draft the required action to improve health and safety. J	¡ l
	¨ What are the most frequent industrial accidents? · burns due to heat · pinching, crushing · lumbago, back injuries · cuts · falls · CO poisoning	¨ Take action to prevent the most frequent industrial accidents: · .............................................. · .............................................. · .............................................. · .............................................. ·	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ What is the extent of absenteeism due to illness and personnel turnover? Is there an alcoholism or a drug problem?	¨ Place personnel under medical surveillance. Especially persons in contact with chemical, biological and physical agents (see list in the first question) and those assigned to security jobs. Consult several authorities on the fight against industrial accidents, occupational diseases, fire / explosions and absenteeism: outside health and safety agency, insurers, social services, inspectorates, approved bodies, fire brigade, information / documentation centres.	¡ l ¡ l
Stress L	¨ (Over) Stress may be caused by: · night-time working · shift working · irregular working hours · unforeseen stops / interruptions · working against the clock, too high a work rate · the absence of the ability to anticipate · the need to take important decisions in the absence of a superior · excessive demands	¨ Draw up proper work plans, with the necessary breaks J Ensure proper attendance. Supply proper equipment. The right person in the right place! (Ergonomics). · Allow anticipation, a certain degree of autonomy, etc. · Do not require important decisions to be taken in the absence of the person in charge. · Do not impose excessive demands.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Does the use of an item of equipment demand too much from personnel?	¨ Adapt the use of each item of equipment to suit personnel capabilities. (Ergonomics!)	¡ l
Relational stress / Human factors	¨ Is there conflict between colleagues? Do workers receive feedback on their work (positive or negative)?	¨ Put a well thought out recruitment policy into practice J The right person in the right place! Exercise care in putting groups and shifts together.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
L	¨ Can certain problem be dealt with? Is there a high level of absenteeism or personnel turnover?	¨ Incline towards open-mindedness. Practise continuous improvement. * Encourage internal communication, feedback and motivation. *	¡ l ¡ l
VDU work	¨ Are the characters of the proper size, contrast and clarity? Is there flickering or reflections in the screen?	¨ Adopt the correct posture and positioning. · with suitable characters (size, contrast, clarity) · without flickering or reflections (windows, etc.!)	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is there suitable medical supervision?	¨ Implement suitable medical supervision: for instance, eye tests and corrective means.	¡ l
First-aid L	¨ Is there a first-aid kit? ¨ Is there a trained and practised first-aider? ¨ See also "Organisation, etc."	¨ Purchase first-aid kits (at least one per workshop). ¨ Ensure a trained and practised first-aider is present. J ¨ See "Organisation, etc."	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l

Organisation, policy and environment

¡ : in order, under control

l : not in order, to be improved

Possible problems	Questions and hints	Action to be taken
Health and safety	¨ Are the health / safety and other measures in the job record (schedule of requirements) observed?	¨ Before starting work, examine technical and statutory literature in detail: legislation, drawings, diagrams, instructions, manuals, operational methods, standards, codes of practice, job record, schedules of requirements, etc.	¡ l
		¨ Check the existence of and compliance with safety precautions and procedures.	¡ l
	¨ Are all industrial accidents, incidents and occupational diseases recorded?	¨ Record all industrial accidents and occupational diseases. Make an inventory of near misses/ incidents which foreshadow occupational risks	¡ l ¡ l
Machine, equipment and product purchases L	¨ Are safety and ease of use of a machine, an item of equipment and a product evaluated before purchase?	¨ Evaluate machines, equipment and products in detail in respect of safety and ease of use before acquisition. Invite input from the workforce. Allow workers to test the equipment. Keep abreast of new developments in health, safety and [working] environment. J	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Access to premises / Surveillance / Protection / Security	¨ How are third parties, visitors and customers received?	¨ Make provision for reception and surveillance for third parties, visitors and customers. Record and accompany all third parties, visitors and customers. Provide a loading / unloading area for third parties, customers, etc.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is security (protection of assets and persons) provided?	¨ Make provision for the protection of assets (plant and goods) and persons ("Security")	¡ l
Work with third parties L	¨ Are employees of third parties fully aware of the risks and safety precautions?	¨ Arrange co-ordination meetings and information sessions about the specific risks and safety regulations applicable to third parties or subcontractors. *	¡ l
Order and cleanliness	¨ Does each material have a specific storage location?	¨ Provide a storage location for each material / item of equipment *	¡ l
	¨ Are the workshops cleaned regularly?	¨ Keep all workshops clean. *	¡ l
Permits / authorisations	¨ Are the required permits in order?	¨ Is there an existing permit which is observed for: · (temporary) storage of waste / products · discharge of waste water · emissions to atmosphere · operations · working with flames ("fire permit") · other special work (confined space, etc.)	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Instructions to workers (training)	¨ Are procedures easily understandable? ¨ Are safety procedures followed? By special categories of workers, among others: youngsters, new recruits, trainees, working students, temporary workers, pregnant women, the disabled, etc. ¨ Is meticulous information / training provided, among other things, for these persons?	¨ Draw up simple procedures in the language of the workforce. ¨ Provide training and information, among other things, to youngsters, new recruits, trainees, working students, temporary workers, pregnant women, the disabled, etc. on, among other things, the complex aspects of: * · co-ordination and communication at work. · chemical and electrical hazards. · operating machines. · traffic. · back-saving lifting techniques. · new technology.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
Collective and individual protective equipment (IPE) L	¨ Is IPE (Individual Protective Equipment) and collective protective equipment available for the various activities? Is IPE broken or in poor condition?	¨ Draw up a list of the protective equipment required (IPE individual protective equipment as well as collective) by job type. J Find out from the competent authorities about remaining questions (medical officer, approved bodies, insurers, inspectorates, useful addresses). Make individual protective equipment available to workers. Check the condition of protective equipment regularly and replace rejects.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is IPE used in practice? Is the workforce consulted when selecting IPE? Are they tested by them? Is their opinion taken into account?	¨ Explain the importance and use of IPE, including via audio-visual means. * Give the workforce a say in the choice of IPE. See Mechanical safety Give the workforce the opportunity of testing the IPE. Take note of and use their comments when making a selection and ordering.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is the IPE suited to the type of work?	¨ Check the job file to verify the need for special protective equipment (acid-proof, asbestos-proof, breathing protection, oxygen lance, etc.)	¡ l
Personnel motivation (in health and safety) Human Factors L	¨ Do certain workers have problems with safety precautions? · abuse or failure to use IPE · dangerous behaviour · failure to observe safety instructions Have dangerous situations been created by worker negligence?	¨ Discuss safety issues J Arrange interactive and ongoing information sessions regarding * · IPE · dangerous behaviour and its consequences · clear and applicable safety instructions · clear safety markings and labels, etc.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is the workforce informed about hazards?	¨ Inform the workforce about hazards. * Give clear instructions among other things on the use of protective equipment. * Have personnel practise working with protective equipment. *	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Do personnel participate in [accident] prevention policy?	¨ Give personnel a say in safety decisions (suggestions box). J	¡ l
Emergencies – First-aid L	¨ Is the workforce informed of action to be taken in the event of fire / explosion, an accident, illness, an emergency, substance spillage and technical problems?	¨ Draw up emergency procedures for cases of fire / explosion, accidents, illness, injuries, substance spillage, technical difficulties. Provide sufficient telephone extensions, etc. Arrange fire fighting drills. * Arrange evacuation drills. * Install a chemical absorption / adsorption kit * Install warm safety showers and eye washing fountains as appropriate (water at 22 – 23 °C) close to furnaces, hot parts, etc. Make bottles of eyewash available, with DIPHOTERINE TM, among other things.	¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Is anybody capable of administering first-aid?	¨ Ensure there is a first-aider and train him / her. * Provide "first-aid" training for the workforce. *	¡ l ¡ l
	¨ Are there sufficient complete emergency kits?	¨ Provide a complete emergency kit for each workshop.	¡ l
	¨ Is there an emergency plan?	¨ Draw up and distribute an emergency plan. J	¡ l

Signature and details of the author

v Name:......................................................................................................................................

v Position:...................................................................................................................................

v Business / Company / Body:.....................................................................................................

v Branch / Head Office:...............................................................................................................

v Address: Number:......................... Street:.................................................................................

Town:..................................................................................... Postcode:.................

Country:...................................................................................................................

v Telephone:...............................................................................................................................

v Fax:.........................................................................................................................................

v e-mail:......................................................................................................................................

v Done at : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

v On: ……/……/……..

v Signature

PART 3 :

Useful Addresses

For further information, advice and / or literature on specific items:

Commissariat Général à la Promotion du Travail (CGPT)

Ministère de l'Emploi et du Travail

Rue Belliard 51

1040 BRUSSELS

Tel.: (02) 233 42 14

Fax: (02) 233 42 36

PREVENT

Institut pour la Prévention, la Protection et le Bien-être au Travail

Rue Gachard 88 boîte 4

1050 BRUSSELS

Tel. : (02) 643 44 44

Fax: (02) 643 44 40

http://www.prevent.be

FEDERATION DES ENTREPRISES DE BELGIQUE (FEB)

Rue Ravenstein 4 Département du Travail

1000 BRUSSELS Service Sécurité au travail

Tel.: (02) 515 08 11 Tel.: (02) 515 08 92

Fax: (02) 515 09 99 Fax: (02) 515 09 13

FEDERATION DE SECTEUR : FABRIMETAL

Rue des Drapiers 21

1050 BRUSSELS

Tel. : (02) 510 23 11

Fax : (02) 510 23 01

We offer our thanks to the following persons for their co-operation:

Mr. Luc VIERENDEELS of FABRIMETAL

Mr Robert DE CONINCK of S.A. ASCO INDUSTRIES N.V

Dr. Eddy KAY of the Centre Belge de Médecine du Travail CBMT [Belgian Centre for Occupational Medicine]